Economic Indicators

A weekly Freddie Mac measure of average U.S. 15-year fixed-rate mortgage borrowing costs.

A monthly survey indicator tracking whether South African manufacturing conditions are improving or weakening.

ADP Employment Change is a private estimate of changes in U.S. private-sector jobs based on payroll data from ADP.

A monthly, payroll-data-based measure of changes in US private-sector employment.

A monthly survey-based gauge of whether activity in Australian industrial sectors is expanding or contracting.

Albania Balance of Trade measures the difference between the value of Albania’s goods exports and goods imports.

A monthly measure of Albania’s consumer-price inflation compared with the same month a year earlier, based on the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices.

Albania’s CPI inflation rate tracks changes in consumer prices using INSTAT’s Consumer Price Index. The release is watched for signals about purchasing power, monetary policy pressure and lek-denominated market expectations.

Angola Inflation Rate MoM is the monthly change in Angola’s national consumer price index, a short-term measure of household price inflation.

Angola’s CPI annual inflation rate measures the year-over-year change in consumer prices using the National Consumer Price Index.

A monthly gauge of New Zealand household sentiment and willingness to spend.

A monthly percentage-change measure of Australian job advertisements, used as an early gauge of labour demand.

A weekly estimate of the change in U.S. commercial crude oil inventories, published by the American Petroleum Institute.

A monthly Armenian indicator that provides a timely broad view of changes in economic activity before fuller GDP data are available.

A quarterly measure of how Armenia's inflation-adjusted economic output changed from the same quarter a year earlier.

A monthly measure of changes in Armenia’s output across major industrial activities, commonly viewed against the same period a year earlier.

Armenia’s year-over-year consumer inflation rate, based on the national Consumer Price Index.

A monthly measure of changes in prices received by Armenia’s industrial producers, with the YoY figure comparing a month with the same month a year earlier.

A frequently updated model estimate of current-quarter US real GDP growth.

An early monthly survey indicator of combined manufacturing and services activity in Japan.

A monthly survey indicator of conditions across Japan's manufacturing sector.

An early monthly survey of business conditions in Japan's service sector.

An annual underlying-inflation measure derived from Australia’s Consumer Price Index by excluding the most extreme component price movements.

Australia Building Approvals MoM tracks the monthly change in approved building work and is used as a leading indicator for future construction activity.

Australia Building Approvals YoY tracks the annual change in approved dwelling units and is used as an early signal of the housing construction pipeline.

A quarterly ABS measure of the real value of building and engineering construction completed in Australia.

Quarterly change in prices for merchandise exports shipped from Australia, a key terms-of-trade indicator.

Australia Home Loans QoQ measures the quarterly change in new home-loan commitments reported in the ABS Lending Indicators release.

Quarterly change in prices for merchandise imports landed in Australia, used to assess imported inflation pressure.

A monthly measure of the change in the value of goods Australia buys from overseas.

Australia Investment Lending for Homes measures new investor housing loan commitments reported in the ABS Lending Indicators release.

Annual growth in total Australian private-sector credit (housing, personal and business), published by the RBA.

Monthly change in Australian private-sector house approvals, an early signal of housing construction activity.

A core inflation measure that removes unusually large price changes from Australia’s Consumer Price Index before calculating the average movement.

An underlying-inflation measure that identifies the weighted midpoint of monthly price changes across Australia’s CPI basket.

Weighted Median CPI is an underlying-inflation measure that focuses on the price change affecting the middle of the household expenditure basket after components are ranked and weighted.

Mexico Auto Production Year-over-Year tracks the annual percentage change in light-vehicle output reported by INEGI, giving traders a timely view of a key manufacturing and export-linked sector.

A monthly measure of Japanese wage growth based on average cash pay received by regular employees compared with a year earlier.

U.S. Average Hourly Earnings MoM tracks the monthly change in average hourly pay for private nonfarm employees and is a key wage-pressure component of the monthly jobs report.

U.S. Average Hourly Earnings YoY tracks annual growth in average hourly pay for private nonfarm payroll employees and is widely watched as a wage-inflation indicator.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices in Baden-Württemberg, often watched as an early regional signal for German inflation.

Annual change in Baden-Württemberg's state consumer price index, published by the Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg.

Bahrain’s GDP growth rate shows the annual change in the country’s economic output and is used to assess broad economic momentum.

Bahrain's Consumer Price Index measures changes in the prices paid by households for a basket of consumer goods and services. Its year-on-year change is commonly described as the inflation rate.

A weekly measure of active U.S. oil-directed drilling rigs published by Baker Hughes and used as a timely gauge of upstream oil-sector activity.

A weekly measure of active oil-directed drilling rigs in the United States.

A weekly Baker Hughes measure of active U.S. drilling rigs, covering oil, gas and miscellaneous rigs.

Bangladesh’s CPI inflation rate tracks changes in household consumer prices and is a key gauge of domestic price pressure.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices paid by households in Bavaria.

A monthly measure of annual consumer-price inflation in Bavaria, published as an early regional German inflation indicator.

A monthly indicator of a quoted UK mortgage borrowing rate.

A weekly Banco Central do Brasil publication summarizing market expectations for Brazil’s inflation, activity, exchange rate and policy-rate outlook.

Belarus Industrial Production tracks changes in the volume of output generated by the country’s industrial sector, including manufacturing, mining and utilities-related activities.

Belarus CPI inflation year-over-year tracks the annual change in consumer prices paid by households and is a key gauge of domestic price pressure.

A monthly measure of changes in prices paid by Belgian households, with the MoM reading showing the change from the previous month.

Annual change in Belgium's national headline consumer price index, published by Statbel.

A monthly measure of the net unsecured borrowing of UK households.

An overview of Bosnia and Herzegovina's headline consumer inflation measure and its year-on-year reading.

The Consumer Price Index measures changes in the prices households pay for a basket of everyday goods and services.

Botswana’s month-over-month inflation rate tracks the monthly change in consumer prices using the national Consumer Price Index.

Botswana’s CPI annual inflation rate measures the year-over-year change in consumer prices for goods and services purchased by households.

A monthly measure of how consumer prices in Brandenburg have changed compared with the same month a year earlier.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices paid by households in Brandenburg, Germany.

Brazil vehicle production (Anfavea) — monthly change

Brazil vehicle registrations (Fenabrave) — monthly change

Monthly change in Brazil's total credit balance, published by the Central Bank of Brazil.

Weekly net total of Brazil's contracted foreign-exchange flows, combining the commercial and financial channels.

A monthly Banco Central do Brasil indicator that tracks Brazilian economic activity and is commonly used as a timely proxy for GDP trends.

Brazil IGP-10 Inflation MoM tracks the monthly change in FGV IBRE's broad General Price Index - 10, combining producer, consumer and construction-cost prices.

Brazil Producer Price Index (IPP) — monthly change

A monthly private-sector gauge of annual growth in UK retail sales, produced by the British Retail Consortium with KPMG.

United States Building Permits track authorizations for new privately owned residential housing units and are used as a forward-looking gauge of future homebuilding activity.

Bulgaria construction output year-over-year tracks the annual change in construction production and provides a timely signal of building and infrastructure activity.

A monthly balance-of-payments measure of Bulgaria’s transactions in goods, services, income and transfers with the rest of the world.

A quarterly measure of the change in Bulgaria’s inflation-adjusted economic output from the previous quarter.

GDP measures the inflation-adjusted size and growth of an economy’s output. The year-on-year growth rate compares a quarter with the same quarter a year earlier.

Bulgaria Industrial Production tracks changes in industrial output across manufacturing, mining and utilities, offering a timely view of the country’s goods-producing economy.

Bulgaria’s CPI inflation rate month-over-month measures the monthly change in household consumer prices and is the country’s national CPI-based measure of short-term inflation momentum.

Bulgaria’s year-over-year CPI inflation rate measures the annual change in consumer prices paid by households and is a key gauge of price pressure in the Bulgarian economy.

A monthly survey-based measure of conditions in euro-area manufacturing.

Business confidence tracks firms’ survey-based views of current conditions and near-term economic prospects.

The BusinessNZ PMI is a monthly survey of New Zealand manufacturing conditions and an early signal of whether the sector is expanding or contracting.

Canada Average Hourly Wages YoY tracks annual wage growth for employees in the Labour Force Survey and helps traders assess labour-market tightness and inflation pressure.

Monthly change in seasonally adjusted Canadian retail sales excluding motor vehicle and parts dealers and gasoline stations and fuel vendors.

Canada CPI-median YoY is a Bank of Canada preferred core inflation measure showing the year-over-year change in the weighted median price movement within the CPI basket.

Canada CPI-trim Year-over-Year is a Bank of Canada preferred core inflation measure that excludes the most extreme CPI component price changes and tracks the annual pace of underlying inflation.

Canada's annual CPI change excluding eight volatile components and indirect-tax effects.

A monthly Statistics Canada measure of net foreign investment in Canadian securities, used to gauge overseas demand for Canadian financial assets and potential CAD-relevant capital flows.

Canada Full-Time Employment Change tracks the monthly change in full-time employment in Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey.

A quarterly, annualized measure of growth in Canada’s real expenditure-based gross domestic product.

An early monthly estimate of the change in the value of goods sold by Canadian manufacturers.

A monthly measure of changes in Canadian builders' selling prices for comparable newly built homes.

Canada new motor vehicle sales (Statistics Canada) — number of vehicles

Canada Part-Time Employment Change tracks the monthly change in the number of Canadians working part-time, using Labour Force Survey data.

A quarterly measure of how much real business-sector output Canada produces per hour worked.

A monthly, inflation-adjusted measure of output across Canadian industries.

A monthly measure of how prices paid by households in Cabo Verde have changed since the previous month.

The year-on-year change in Cabo Verde's Consumer Price Index, measuring how consumer prices compare with the same month a year earlier.

A CBI survey of UK retail, wholesale and motor-trade businesses that offers an early view of sales and wider distribution-sector conditions.

A monthly CBI survey indicator showing whether UK manufacturers' total order books are above or below normal.

A monthly survey of Canadian small-business confidence and operating conditions.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the COMEX Aluminum MWP (U.S. Midwest premium) contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME Australian Dollar contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME Brazilian Real contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME Canadian Dollar contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME Swiss Franc contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly measure of net speculative positioning in U.S. copper futures.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CBOT Corn contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly measure of reported speculative net exposure in crude oil futures, derived from the CFTC's Commitments of Traders reports.

A weekly measure of net non-commercial positioning in CME Euro FX futures, derived from the CFTC Commitments of Traders report.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME British Pound contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly measure of reported speculative net positioning in U.S. gold futures.

A weekly CFTC positioning measure showing the net futures exposure of non-commercial traders in Japanese yen contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME E-mini Nasdaq-100 contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the NYMEX Natural Gas (NYMEX Henry Hub) contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME New Zealand Dollar contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME E-mini S&P 500 contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the COMEX Silver contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CBOT Soybeans contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CBOT Soft Red Winter Wheat contract, in thousands of contracts.

A monthly U.S. private-sector report tracking employers’ announced job cuts, used as an early signal of labor-market stress.

A monthly composite indicator of broad U.S. economic activity and related inflation pressure.

A monthly survey-based gauge of business conditions in the Chicago area, also known as the Chicago Business Barometer.

China’s monthly benchmark reference rate for one-year bank lending.

China FDI (YTD) YoY tracks the year-on-year change in cumulative foreign direct investment actually used in mainland China, as reported by the Ministry of Commerce.

China Fixed Asset Investment YTD YoY tracks the cumulative annual growth rate of spending on fixed assets such as infrastructure, manufacturing capacity and real estate development projects.

A monthly measure of the foreign-currency reserve assets held by China's monetary authorities, expressed in U.S. dollars.

A quarterly measure of how China’s economy changed from the preceding quarter.

China industrial value added, year to date (NBS) — cumulative annual change

Annual growth in China's M2 broad money, published by the PBOC.

China New Yuan Loans tracks new renminbi-denominated lending and is used as a gauge of credit creation and financing conditions in China.

Annual growth in China's outstanding RMB loan balance, published by the PBOC.

The RBA Index of Commodity Prices YoY tracks annual changes in prices for major Australian export commodities, a key input for terms-of-trade and AUD analysis.

A monthly composite indicator that tracks underlying momentum in US employment conditions.

U.S. Construction Spending tracks the monthly value of construction work put in place and is used as a signal of building activity and investment momentum.

CPIF is Sweden's consumer-price measure that holds the direct effect of mortgage-interest-rate changes constant.

A U.S. measure of underlying consumer inflation based on personal consumption expenditures, excluding food and energy.

A monthly U.S. measure of underlying consumer-price inflation based on personal consumption expenditures, excluding food and energy.

A U.S. measure of underlying consumer inflation that excludes food and energy prices.

A quarterly measure of underlying US consumer-price inflation that excludes food and energy.

Costa Rica's main monthly measure of changes in household consumer prices.

Costa Rica’s annual headline consumer-inflation rate, based on the change in the Consumer Price Index from the same month a year earlier.

Canada CPI-common YoY is a core inflation measure that estimates the common, broad-based component of annual price growth across the Canadian CPI basket.

A monthly measure of how Croatian industrial output compares with the same month a year earlier.

An early monthly estimate of changes in consumer prices in Croatia.

Croatia’s Consumer Price Index measures changes in the prices private households pay for goods and services. The year-on-year rate compares the latest month with the same month a year earlier.

A weekly measure of commercial crude oil held at the Cushing, Oklahoma storage hub.

Annual growth in Czech Republic's M3 money supply, published by the Czech National Bank (CNB).

A monthly Dallas Fed survey indicator of broad business conditions among Texas manufacturers.

An alternative U.S. core-inflation measure that trims unusually large price changes from PCE price data.

A Bank of England business-survey measure of the UK CPI inflation rate firms expect one year ahead.

A monthly U.S. measure of new orders for long-lasting manufactured goods that excludes transportation equipment.

A monthly survey measure of how euro area consumers expect inflation to develop, with the commonly followed headline covering the next 12 months.

A monthly European Commission survey composite that tracks confidence among businesses and consumers across the EU and euro area.

A measure of Ecuador’s merchandise exports minus its merchandise imports.

Ecuador’s CPI annual inflation rate measures the year-over-year change in consumer prices paid by urban households, using the Consumer Price Index published by INEC.

Egypt’s year-over-year core inflation rate tracks the annual change in underlying consumer-price pressure after excluding selected volatile or regulated items from the headline CPI basket.

Egypt’s month-over-month inflation rate tracks the monthly change in the headline consumer price index published by CAPMAS.

Egypt's CPI annual inflation rate tracks the year-over-year change in headline consumer prices and is a key measure of household price pressure.

Egypt M2 Money Supply YoY tracks the annual growth of broad money, a measure of liquidity in the Egyptian economy.

A weekly measure of how U.S. net crude oil imports (imports minus exports) changed from the prior week in the EIA Weekly Petroleum Status Report.

A weekly EIA measure of the change in U.S. commercial crude oil inventories, widely watched for short-term signals about oil-market supply and demand balance.

A weekly measure of the change in crude oil inventories held at Cushing, Oklahoma, the delivery point for NYMEX WTI crude oil futures.

A weekly EIA measure of U.S. refinery output of distillate fuel oil, including diesel and heating-oil-type products.

A weekly EIA measure of the build or draw in U.S. distillate fuel oil inventories, covering diesel and heating-oil-type products.

The weekly change in U.S. refiner and blender net production of finished motor gasoline (EIA series WGFRPUS2), shown in million barrels per day.

The weekly change in U.S. ending stocks of total gasoline (EIA series WGTSTUS1), shown in million barrels.

The weekly change in U.S. distillate fuel oil stocks with more than 500 ppm sulfur (EIA series WDGSTUS1), shown in million barrels.

A weekly measure of the change in working natural-gas inventories held in underground storage in the United States.

A weekly EIA measure of the volume of crude oil processed by U.S. refineries and its change from the prior week.

A weekly EIA measure of the change in crude oil processed by U.S. refineries, used to assess refinery demand and petroleum supply balances.

The weekly change in U.S. ending stocks of total distillate fuel oil (EIA series WDISTUS1), shown in million barrels.

A weekly EIA measure of the share of U.S. oil-refining capacity currently in use.

A monthly estimate of the number of people aged 15–74 who are employed in Sweden, published in Statistics Sweden's Labour Force Surveys.

Canada Employment Change measures the monthly change in the number of employed people, based on Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey.

Ethiopia’s CPI inflation rate year-over-year measures the annual percentage change in consumer prices using the national Consumer Price Index.

Euro area production in construction (Eurostat) — monthly change

A monthly measure of euro-area underlying consumer-price inflation, excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco.

A measure of annual euro-area consumer-price inflation that excludes energy, food, alcohol and tobacco.

A monthly euro-area inflation measure that removes tobacco prices from the consumer-price basket.

A monthly measure of the euro area's transactions with the rest of the world, reported on a calendar- and seasonally-adjusted basis.

A quarterly national-accounts measure of the change in the number of people employed across the euro area.

A quarterly Eurostat measure of how total employment in the euro area has changed from the same quarter a year earlier.

A quarterly measure of how the euro-area economy changed relative to the preceding quarter.

Headline annual consumer-price inflation across the euro area, released first as a Flash estimate and later as a Final reading.

A measure of annual euro-area consumer-price inflation that excludes energy, food, alcohol and tobacco.

A monthly measure of euro-area consumer-price changes excluding energy and food components.

The all-items Euro Area HICP expressed in index points — the underlying price index from which euro-area inflation rates are calculated.

A monthly survey measure of how euro-area manufacturers view current and expected business conditions.

Outstanding amount of euro-area M3 broad money, in euro billion, published by the ECB.

Annual growth in the euro area's M3 broad money, published monthly by the ECB.

A quarterly ECB measure of the annual change in wages agreed through collective pay arrangements in the euro area.

Eurostat's monthly first estimate of the change in euro-area retail trade volumes.

A monthly European Commission survey measure of confidence among euro-area service businesses.

A monthly ECB measure of the annual growth in credit extended to euro area residents.

Eurostat's monthly first estimate of the euro area's goods trade surplus or deficit with the rest of the world.

The monthly total of official reserve assets held by the ECB and euro-area national central banks, including gold, SDRs, the IMF position and foreign currency reserves.

A monthly European Commission survey release that tracks confidence among euro-area businesses and consumers.

Seasonally adjusted Eurozone composite survey index; 50 = no change.

Seasonally adjusted Eurozone services survey index; 50 = no change.

A monthly ZEW survey indicator showing financial-market experts’ six-month economic expectations for the eurozone.

A monthly measure of completed sales of previously owned U.S. homes, widely used to track resale housing demand.

U.S. Factory Orders ex Transportation tracks manufacturers' new orders after removing the volatile transportation category, giving a clearer read on broader factory demand.

A monthly FGV IBRE survey-based measure of Brazilian households' views on their finances and the economy.

A monthly early estimate of changes in Finland’s economy-wide output and value added.

A monthly measure of Finnish households' views on their finances, the economy and major-purchase conditions.

Finland's headline measure of the annual change in prices paid by households for a representative basket of consumer goods and services.

Finland export price index — annual rate

Finland import price index — annual rate

A monthly survey-based gauge of sentiment among Finnish manufacturing businesses.

Finland producer prices of manufactured products (total market) — annual rate

A monthly measure of the gap between Finland's goods exports and goods imports.

A monthly Labour Force Survey measure of the share of Finland's labour force that is unemployed.

Canadian Purchases of Foreign Securities tracks net portfolio investment by Canadian residents in securities issued abroad.

A monthly year-to-date measure of the French state budget position, comparing central-government revenues and spending.

A monthly INSEE survey-based gauge of business conditions across France’s main market sectors.

Annual change in France's national consumer price index (IPC), published by INSEE as a provisional estimate and then a final figure.

A monthly measure of changes in the volume of goods purchased by French households.

Seasonally adjusted survey index of French manufacturing conditions; 50 = no change.

A monthly measure of the external reserve assets available to the Banque de France.

INSEE's monthly household confidence indicator for France; long-run average 100.

France's monthly measure of changes in consumer prices.

A monthly measure of France's net trade, income and transfer transactions with the rest of the world.

A monthly measure of the value of goods France sells to foreign buyers.

France's EU-comparable measure of consumer-price inflation.

France's EU-comparable measure of annual consumer-price inflation.

A monthly measure of the value of goods imported into France from the rest of the world.

A monthly measure of changes in prices received by French industrial producers.

A monthly measure of changes in the volume of industrial activity in France.

A monthly measure of the gap between France's goods exports and goods imports.

The change in inflation-adjusted gross domestic product from the previous quarter, expressed as the rate that would result if that quarterly pace continued for a full year.

GDP Capital Expenditure is the quarterly change in fixed investment reported within the expenditure side of Australia’s GDP.

A quarterly national-accounts measure of price change across the goods and services included in GDP.

A quarterly national-accounts measure of spending by households and general government on final goods and services.

GDP growth measures the inflation-adjusted change in an economy’s output over a quarter or year.

A measure of the gap between Georgia’s merchandise exports and imports.

Georgia's HICP annual inflation rate measures the year-over-year change in a harmonised consumer-price index designed for international comparability.

A quarterly measure of changes in the volume of output from Georgia’s industrial sectors.

Georgia Inflation Rate MoM tracks the monthly change in the consumer price index, showing short-term price momentum in the Georgian economy.

Georgia’s annual inflation rate measures the year-on-year change in consumer prices using the national consumer price index.

A quarterly measure of the year-over-year change in retail trade turnover in Georgia.

A quarterly measure of the share of Georgia’s labour force that is unemployed.

A monthly survey indicator of German households' confidence and expected spending conditions.

A monthly measure of how consumer prices in Germany changed from the previous month.

A monthly measure of the change in the value of goods exported from Germany.

A monthly measure of German consumer-price inflation designed for comparison across the European Union.

An early estimate of annual consumer-price inflation in Germany using the EU-harmonised HICP measure.

A monthly business survey that combines German firms' views of current conditions and their expectations for the next six months.

Germany Import Price Index — monthly change

A monthly measure of the annual change in prices paid by German businesses for imported goods.

A monthly measure of the value of goods imported into Germany from abroad.

A monthly measure of changes in Germany's price-adjusted production output.

A monthly indicator of changes in Germany's real industrial output.

Germany Producer Price Index for industrial products (domestic sales) — annual rate

Germany's Producer Price Index measures changes in prices received by industrial producers for products sold in the domestic market.

A monthly measure of turnover in Germany's retail sector, used as an indicator of household-facing demand.

A monthly measure of changes in retail trade turnover in Germany.

A monthly measure of the gap between Germany’s goods exports and goods imports.

A monthly Federal Employment Agency release on registered unemployment in Germany.

A monthly measure of people registered as unemployed in Germany, shown without seasonal adjustment.

A monthly measure of the change in Germany's registered unemployed population.

ZEW survey balance of analysts' six-month expectations for the German economy.

Annual change in Germany's national consumer price index (VPI), published by Destatis as a flash estimate and then a final figure.

Germany Goods Exports MoM tracks the monthly change in German goods exports, giving traders a read on foreign demand for Europe's largest economy.

German new orders in manufacturing (Destatis) — monthly change

Seasonally adjusted survey index of German manufacturing conditions; 50 = no change.

Germany Wholesale Prices MoM measures the monthly change in wholesale selling prices, giving traders an upstream view of inflation pressure before it reaches consumers.

Germany Wholesale Prices YoY tracks the annual change in wholesale selling prices and is used as a signal of pipeline inflation pressure in Europe’s largest economy.

A monthly German consumer-sentiment survey that provides an early read on household spending conditions.

A Global Dairy Trade auction index that summarises dairy commodity price movements and is closely watched by NZD traders.

Seasonally adjusted survey index of Greek manufacturing conditions; 50 = no change.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices in Greece, commonly followed through its year-on-year inflation rate.

A monthly measure of Greece's transactions with the rest of the world.

A monthly, EU-comparable measure of consumer-price inflation in Greece.

A monthly measure of annual changes in prices received by industrial producers in Greece.

A monthly indicator of changes in Greek retail-trade activity compared with the same month a year earlier.

A quarter-on-quarter measure of the total output produced by a country's residents and businesses, including income earned overseas.

The Halifax House Price Index MoM is a monthly measure of changes in standardised UK house prices from the Halifax/Lloyds house price series.

The Halifax House Price Index year-over-year change tracks annual changes in UK house prices using Halifax/Lloyds mortgage approvals data.

The Hungary HALPIM Manufacturing PMI is a monthly purchasing-manager survey that tracks whether Hungarian manufacturing conditions are improving or deteriorating.

HICP annual inflation measures year-on-year consumer price changes using Europe’s comparable inflation index.

A monthly survey of purchasing managers that provides an early read on conditions in euro-area manufacturing.

An early monthly survey of business conditions in Germany's service sector.

An early monthly indicator of business activity across Germany's manufacturing and services sectors.

A monthly measure of annual consumer-price inflation in the German state of Hesse.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices in Hesse, expressed here against the previous month.

A monthly measure of Hong Kong's foreign-currency reserve holdings, reported in US dollars.

Annual growth in Hong Kong dollar M3 money supply, published by the HKMA.

A monthly ABS indicator showing how Australian household spending changes from the previous month.

Australia Household Spending YoY tracks annual growth in household spending and offers a timely signal of consumer demand.

A monthly measure of Iceland’s goods exports minus goods imports, used to assess goods-trade momentum and external demand conditions.

A quarterly measure of Iceland’s net transactions with the rest of the world for trade, income and current transfers.

Iceland's Consumer Price Index measures monthly changes in the prices households pay for a representative basket of goods and services.

Iceland's annual inflation rate measures the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index from the same month a year earlier.

A monthly survey-based indicator of how German businesses assess current conditions and the near-term outlook.

A monthly, forward-looking survey indicator of how German businesses expect conditions to develop over the coming six months.

A monthly survey-based measure of how German firms view their present business situation.

Brazil General Price Index – Domestic Availability (IGP-DI) — monthly change

Brazil General Market Price Index (IGP-M) — monthly change

Chile’s IMACEC year-on-year rate is the annual change in the Central Bank of Chile’s monthly economic activity index, a timely proxy for GDP momentum.

India Bank Loan Growth YoY measures the annual growth rate of bank credit, giving traders a read on credit creation and domestic financial conditions.

A year-over-year measure of how quickly aggregate deposits in India’s banking system are growing.

A weekly RBI measure of India's total reserves (foreign currency assets, gold, SDRs and the IMF reserve position), expressed in US dollars.

Annual growth in India's M3 money stock, published fortnightly by the RBI.

Indonesia’s year-over-year core inflation rate tracks the annual change in the core component of the consumer price index, offering a view of underlying price pressure beyond more volatile or administered items.

An annual measure of how quickly outstanding bank credit in Indonesia is expanding or contracting.

Annual growth in Indonesia's M2 money supply, published by Bank Indonesia.

A monthly year-over-year measure of Indonesian motorcycle sales or distribution, used as a sector-specific signal of consumer demand and credit-sensitive spending.

CPI measures the change in the price of a basket of goods and services bought by households, and it is the headline gauge of inflation. Core CPI strips out food and energy to show the underlying trend. Because central banks set interest rates to control inflation, a CPI surprise moves currencies quickly and is one of the highest-impact releases on the calendar.

IPC-Fipe Inflation MoM tracks monthly consumer price changes in São Paulo and is used as a timely local inflation gauge for Brazil.

A quarterly measure of how much employees earn per week in Ireland and how that amount has changed over a year.

Monthly change in Ireland's national consumer price index, published by the CSO.

Annual change in Ireland's national consumer price index, published by the CSO.

Monthly change in Ireland's Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, published by the CSO as a flash estimate and then a final figure.

Annual change in Ireland's Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, published by the CSO as a flash estimate and then a final figure.

Seasonally adjusted survey index of Irish manufacturing conditions; 50 = no change.

A monthly estimate of Ireland's unemployment rate and number of unemployed people.

A monthly measure of changes in prices paid by households for residential properties sold in Ireland.

A monthly measure of changes in retail sales activity in Ireland, with annual readings comparing the latest period with the same period a year earlier.

A monthly measure of changes in the volume of retail sales in Ireland.

A monthly diffusion index within the ISM Manufacturing PMI report that tracks whether U.S. manufacturers are reporting improving or worsening employment conditions.

A survey-based gauge of whether new orders at U.S. manufacturers are increasing or decreasing compared with the prior month.

A monthly survey of U.S. manufacturing purchasing managers that indicates whether factory activity is expanding or contracting.

A monthly survey gauge showing whether U.S. manufacturers are broadly paying higher or lower input prices.

A monthly survey index showing whether U.S. service businesses report expanding or contracting activity.

A monthly survey indicator of employment conditions across U.S. service-sector businesses.

A monthly survey measure of changes in new orders received by US service-sector businesses.

A monthly U.S. services-sector purchasing managers' index from the Institute for Supply Management, watched as a timely signal of business activity, demand, employment and price pressures.

A monthly survey indicator of price changes paid by US service-sector businesses.

A monthly measure of changes in the output of Israel's manufacturing industries.

A monthly measure of changes in prices paid by households in Italy.

A monthly measure of annual consumer-price changes for Italian blue- and white-collar households, excluding tobacco products.

Italy's EU-harmonised measure of monthly and annual consumer-price inflation.

A monthly measure of the gap between Italy's goods exports to EU partners and its goods imports from them.

A monthly preliminary measure of Italy's goods-trade balance with countries outside the European Union.

Annual change in Italy's national consumer price index (NIC), published by Istat as a preliminary estimate and then a final figure.

A monthly measure of price changes received by Italian industrial producers for goods sold at the factory gate.

A monthly measure of changes in prices received by Italian industrial producers, commonly followed as an indicator of pipeline inflation.

A monthly measure of the change in Italian industrial sales values.

A monthly measure of the year-on-year change in the value of sales made by Italian industrial enterprises.

Seasonally adjusted survey index of Italian manufacturing conditions; 50 = no change.

A monthly measure of the year-on-year change in newly registered passenger cars in Italy.

The seasonally adjusted Ivey PMI is a monthly Canadian survey indicator showing whether purchasing activity is rising or falling compared with the previous month.

Japan Capacity Utilization tracks changes in manufacturers' use of available production capacity through METI's operating ratio index.

A monthly composite indicator of Japan's current business-cycle conditions.

A composite indicator of current Japanese economic activity, published by the Cabinet Office.

A monthly measure of new construction orders received by Japan's 50 major construction companies.

A monthly Cabinet Office survey that summarizes how front-line economic observers assess current conditions in Japan.

A monthly Cabinet Office survey that tracks expectations for Japan’s near-term economic conditions among people who observe household, business, and employment activity closely.

A weekly Ministry of Finance measure of Japanese residents' net purchases or sales of foreign bonds, used to monitor outward portfolio flows and possible yen-flow pressure.

A monthly measure of new dwellings beginning construction in Japan, commonly viewed through its year-over-year rate of change.

A composite indicator intended to give an early signal of changes in Japan’s business cycle.

Japan’s headline consumer-inflation measure, showing how prices for a representative household basket have changed from a year earlier.

Japan's commonly cited core inflation measure: the annual change in consumer prices excluding fresh food.

A measure of annual Japanese consumer-price inflation that removes fresh food and energy to focus on underlying price pressures.

A monthly METI index tracking output across Japan's service-sector industries.

A monthly U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics measure of unfilled jobs that employers are actively seeking to fill.

JOLTS quits measure voluntary job separations in the United States and are watched as a gauge of worker confidence and labor-market tightness.

A measure of the annual change in prices received by Jordanian industrial producers.

A monthly regional survey indicator of manufacturing conditions in the US Tenth Federal Reserve District.

A monthly survey indicator of manufacturing conditions in the Federal Reserve's Tenth District.

A balance-of-payments measure showing Kazakhstan’s net trade, income and transfer flows with the rest of the world.

A monthly measure of how consumer prices in Kazakhstan changed compared with the previous month.

An annual measure of how consumer prices in Kazakhstan have changed from the same month a year earlier.

Kazakhstan PPI YoY tracks the annual change in prices received by industrial producers and is used as an upstream inflation gauge.

A monthly measure of the gap between Kosovo’s merchandise exports and imports.

A quarterly measure of changes in prices received by Kosovo’s industrial producers.

A measure of the share of the working-age population that is employed or actively seeking work, read alongside unemployment and wage data.

An annual measure of the change in Lebanon's Consumer Price Index.

A monthly U.S. survey of logistics activity that tracks supply-chain, transportation, warehousing, and inventory conditions.

A monthly ECB measure of the annual growth rate of bank lending to euro-area households.

M2 is a broad US money-supply measure published monthly by the Federal Reserve.

Macau's monthly measure of changes in consumer prices paid by households.

A quarterly measure of how Macau's real economic output compares with the same period a year earlier.

Macau's Consumer Price Index measures changes in the prices households pay for goods and services. The year-on-year rate compares the Composite CPI with the same month one year earlier.

A quarterly measure of the year-on-year change in the value of goods sold by retailers in Macau.

A monthly measure of how the number of visitors entering Macao has changed from a year earlier.

A monthly measure of the annual change in North Macedonia's headline Consumer Price Index.

An annual measure of changes in household consumer prices in Malawi.

A monthly composite indicator that tracks the current state of Malaysia’s economy.

A monthly composite indicator intended to show the likely direction of Malaysia’s economy in the months ahead.

Annual growth in Malaysia's M3 money supply, published by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM).

The Mauritius Consumer Price Index tracks changes in the prices households pay for goods and services; its month-on-month change measures recent inflation momentum.

A monthly measure of the change in Mauritius consumer prices from the same month a year earlier.

A weekly Mortgage Bankers Association measure of the average contract rate on U.S. 30-year fixed-rate mortgages.

A weekly indicator of U.S. mortgage application volumes, covering home-purchase and refinancing demand.

A weekly measure of U.S. mortgage application volume from the Mortgage Bankers Association.

A weekly indicator of U.S. mortgage refinance application activity compiled by the Mortgage Bankers Association.

A weekly indicator of U.S. mortgage applications for home purchases.

Mexico Auto Exports YoY tracks the annual change in the number of light vehicles exported from Mexico, offering a timely read on manufacturing and external demand.

A monthly, broad measure of Mexico's economic activity that is closely watched as an early guide to GDP momentum.

Mexico’s fiscal balance tracks the public sector’s budget position, indicating whether revenues exceed spending or whether the government is running a deficit.

A monthly INEGI indicator that tracks broad short-term changes in Mexico’s real economic activity.

A fortnightly reading of underlying consumer-price inflation in Mexico.

A first-half-month measure of annual underlying consumer-price inflation in Mexico.

An early fortnightly measure of annual consumer-price inflation in Mexico.

An early measure of changes in Mexican consumer prices over the first half of a month.

A monthly survey measure of how US consumers view their own financial prospects and the broader economy ahead.

A monthly U.S. household survey that tracks consumers’ views of their finances, the economy and buying conditions.

A monthly survey index showing how U.S. consumers assess their present financial situation and current buying conditions.

A monthly survey measure of the inflation rate U.S. households expect over the next year.

Moldova Inflation Rate MoM measures the monthly change in consumer prices using the Consumer Price Index.

Moldova's year-over-year inflation rate tracks the annual change in household consumer prices using the Consumer Price Index.

A quarterly Labour Force Survey measure of the share of Moldova’s labour force that is unemployed.

Mongolia's year-over-year inflation rate tracks the annual change in national consumer prices using the Consumer Price Index.

A monthly Bank of England measure of net mortgage approvals for house purchase, used as an early signal of prospective UK housing and household-credit activity.

A quarterly measure of how Mozambique’s total economic output changed from the same period a year earlier.

A monthly Australian business-sentiment indicator from NAB's Monthly Business Survey, reported as a net balance of firms' views.

A monthly gauge of U.S. homebuilder confidence in the newly built single-family housing market.

A monthly, lender-based measure of changes in UK residential property prices.

A monthly, lender-based measure of UK house-price change, with annual and monthly growth readings.

A monthly official survey of whether conditions in China’s manufacturing sector are improving or worsening.

A monthly official survey indicator of business conditions across China’s services and construction sectors.

A quarterly measure of how changes in exports and imports affected economic growth.

A year-on-year measure of new car sales or registrations, used as a read on consumer demand and economic activity.

A monthly U.S. measure of sales of newly built single-family homes.

A monthly U.S. housing indicator covering sales of newly built single-family homes.

A monthly indicator of credit and charge card billings, with the year-on-year figure showing the change from the same month a year earlier.

A quarterly measure of how New Zealand employment changes from one quarter to the next, published as part of Stats NZ labour market statistics.

The New Zealand Labour Cost Index is a quarterly wage-inflation indicator from Stats NZ that tracks changes in salary and wage rates for a fixed quantity and quality of labour.

A monthly survey-based gauge of confidence and operating expectations among US small-business owners.

A quarterly measure of how Nigeria's real economic output compares with the same quarter a year earlier.

Non-Farm Payrolls reports the change in US employment excluding farm workers, published on the first Friday of most months. It arrives alongside the unemployment rate and average hourly earnings, and is the single most watched labour release in the world. Surprises move the US dollar, gold and equity indices sharply within seconds of publication.

A monthly estimate of the change in U.S. employment on nonfarm payrolls.

A measure of North Macedonia’s net current transactions with the rest of the world.

A quarterly measure of the year-on-year change in North Macedonia’s real economic output.

A monthly measure of changes in the volume of industrial output in North Macedonia.

A monthly measure of consumer-price inflation in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices in Germany's North Rhine-Westphalia state.

12-month change in Norway's core inflation measure, CPI-ATE (adjusted for tax changes, excluding energy), published by Statistics Norway.

Twelve-month growth in Norway's domestic credit indicator C2, published by Statistics Norway.

Month-end amount of Norway's M3 money supply, in NOK billion, published by Statistics Norway.

A quarterly measure of growth in Norway's mainland economy, expressed as the change from the previous quarter.

Norway manufacturing production index (Statistics Norway) — monthly change

Monthly change in the seasonally adjusted volume of Norwegian retail trade, including petrol stations.

A monthly New York Fed survey that tracks manufacturing conditions in New York State, with the headline general business conditions index used as an early signal of U.S. factory-sector momentum.

Pakistan's monthly CPI release measures changes in household consumer prices, including the month-on-month inflation rate.

Pakistan’s year-on-year CPI inflation rate compares the overall cost of a household consumption basket with its level in the same month one year earlier.

A monthly measure of changes in prices for selected goods in Pakistan’s primary wholesale markets.

A year-on-year measure of changes in consumer prices in Paraguay.

A monthly U.S. inflation measure based on the prices paid for personal consumption expenditures.

A monthly measure of signed U.S. contracts to buy existing homes, which can offer an early view of future completed home sales.

A monthly survey of manufacturing conditions in the Philadelphia Federal Reserve District, widely known as the Philly Fed Index.

A monthly BSP indicator tracking money sent home by overseas Filipinos through banks and other formal banking channels.

Monthly PSA data showing the annual change in the value of Philippine goods bought from abroad.

Philadelphia Fed survey balance of manufacturers' planned capital spending over the next six months.

A regional manufacturing-survey measure of whether firms in the Philadelphia Fed district are adding or reducing employees.

Annual growth in Poland's M3 money supply, published by the National Bank of Poland (NBP).

Portugal's headline monthly measure of changes in consumer prices.

Annual change in Portugal's national consumer price index (IPC), published by Statistics Portugal as a flash estimate and then a final figure.

An early monthly estimate of changes in Portuguese consumer prices.

A monthly measure of the gap between Portugal's exports and imports of goods.

A monthly Australian indicator showing how many private-sector houses received building approval.

A monthly survey indicator that tracks whether Swiss manufacturing business conditions are expanding or contracting.

PPI measures the change in prices that producers receive for their output, so it captures inflation earlier in the supply chain than CPI. Rising producer costs often feed through to consumer prices later, which is why traders treat PPI as a leading inflation signal. It moves markets less than CPI, but a large surprise still shifts interest-rate expectations.

A monthly U.S. consumer-sentiment survey covering the economic outlook, personal finances and views of federal economic policy.

A monthly survey-based gauge of manufacturing conditions in the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond's Fifth District.

A monthly diffusion index showing whether Fifth District manufacturers reported rising or falling shipment volumes compared with the prior month.

A monthly Richmond Fed survey measure of current service-sector activity in the Fifth Federal Reserve District.

Romania’s Balance of Trade in Goods measures goods exports minus goods imports and indicates whether goods trade is in surplus or deficit.

A quarterly measure of how Romania’s real economic output changed from the preceding quarter.

A quarterly measure of how Romania’s real economic output compares with the same quarter a year earlier.

A monthly measure of changes in prices received by Romanian industrial producers, with the YoY rate comparing prices with the same month a year earlier.

Annual growth in Russia's M2 money supply, published by the Bank of Russia.

Rwanda Inflation Rate MoM tracks the monthly change in the national Consumer Price Index and gives markets an early read on short-term price pressure in the Rwandan economy.

Rwanda’s CPI annual inflation rate shows how much the overall consumer price basket has changed from the same month a year earlier.

A repeat-sales measure of single-family home-price changes across 20 major U.S. metropolitan areas.

A monthly measure of annual home-price changes across 20 major U.S. metropolitan areas.

Seasonally adjusted US composite survey index; 50 = no change.

A timely survey-based measure of business conditions across US manufacturers.

A monthly survey indicator of business conditions across the US service sector.

A monthly measure of the value of merchandise goods entering Saudi Arabia from abroad.

Annual growth in Saudi Arabia's M3 money supply, published by the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA).

A monthly measure of the value of goods Saudi Arabia sells to the rest of the world.

Annual growth in Saudi banks' claims on the private sector, published by SAMA.

Annual change in Saxony (Sachsen)'s state consumer price index, published by the Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices paid by households in Saxony, Germany.

A business-survey measure of whether firms expect to raise or lower their selling prices in the months ahead.

A Bank of Canada survey of business-lending practices at major Canadian financial institutions.

The Seychelles Consumer Price Index tracks changes in the prices households pay for a basket of goods and services. Its year-on-year rate is a widely used measure of annual consumer inflation.

Outstanding loans and advances of Singapore's domestic banking units, in S$ billion, published monthly by MAS.

Annual change in the MAS core inflation measure (CPI excluding accommodation and private transport).

A monthly measure of Singapore's official reserve assets, with the calendar variant expressed in US dollars and shown as a month-on-month change.

A monthly survey indicator of business conditions in Singapore's manufacturing sector, published by the Singapore Institute of Purchasing and Materials Management.

Annual change in South Africa's core consumer price index, published by Stats SA.

A monthly SARB release detailing the US-dollar value and composition of South Africa's official reserve assets.

Annual growth in South Africa's M3 broad money supply, published by SARB.

South African manufacturing production (Stats SA) — monthly change

South African manufacturing production (Stats SA) — annual change

A monthly measure of the South African Reserve Bank's net foreign-currency reserve position, expressed in US dollars.

Annual growth in SARB's measure of credit extended to South Africa's private sector.

South Africa domestic new vehicle sales (naamsa) — annual change

A measure of Spain's annual underlying consumer inflation that excludes unprocessed food and energy products.

A flash estimate of annual underlying consumer-price inflation in Spain, excluding unprocessed food and energy products.

Annual change in Spain's national consumer price index (IPC), published by INE as an advance indicator and then a final figure.

Seasonally adjusted survey index of Spanish manufacturing conditions; 50 = no change.

A monthly change in the number of people registered as unemployed at Spain’s public employment offices.

A monthly CIS survey that tracks how Spanish households assess current and expected economic and financial conditions.

An early estimate of the monthly change in prices paid by households in Spain.

A quarterly measure of how Spain's inflation-adjusted economic output changed from the preceding quarter.

A quarterly measure of how Spain's inflation-adjusted economic output compares with the same quarter a year earlier.

Spain’s EU-comparable consumer-inflation measure, reported here as a preliminary year-on-year rate.

Spain’s EU-comparable measure of consumer-price inflation.

Spain Industrial Price Index (IPRI) — annual rate

An annual comparison of Spanish retail trade sales, published through INE's Retail Trade Indices.

A monthly measure of the gap between Spain's goods exports and goods imports.

A monthly survey-based gauge of business conditions in Sweden's manufacturing sector.

A monthly indicator of how Swedish construction-sector production has changed from the same month a year earlier.

CPIF is Sweden’s principal inflation measure for monetary-policy purposes. It tracks consumer prices while holding the direct effect of changing mortgage interest rates constant.

Annual growth in MFI lending to Swedish households, published by Statistics Sweden.

Sweden Industrial New Orders tracks changes in new orders received by industrial firms and is used as an early gauge of factory demand.

A monthly survey indicator of business conditions in Sweden's service sector, published jointly by Swedbank and Silf.

The Swiss National Bank's month-end foreign currency investments, valued in Swiss francs.

Amount of Switzerland's M3 money supply, in CHF billion, published by the SNB.

The Swiss National Bank's monthly total of official reserve assets, including foreign currency reserves, gold, SDRs and the IMF reserve position.

Annual growth in Taiwan's M2 money supply, published by the Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan).

An early monthly gauge of annual consumer-price inflation in Tokyo’s wards.

A year-on-year measure of the number of tourist arrivals, used as a read on tourism demand and international travel activity.

A monthly measure of how Tunisia's consumer-price index changed from the previous month.

Tunisia's annual inflation rate shows the year-on-year change in the Consumer Price Index.

Turkey Auto Sales YoY tracks the annual percentage change in domestic automotive sales and is used as a timely gauge of vehicle-sector demand.

A monthly measure of how fully Türkiye’s manufacturing industry is using its available production capacity.

A weekly benchmark for the average rate on U.S. 30-year fixed-rate mortgages, published by Freddie Mac through its Primary Mortgage Market Survey.

U.S. Average Weekly Hours tracks the average workweek for employees on private nonfarm payrolls and is released with the monthly Employment Situation report.

A weekly measure of active drilling rigs in the United States, widely used to track conditions in the oil and gas drilling industry.

A revised monthly reading of U.S. housing units authorized for construction.

U.S. Business Inventories tracks the value of goods held by manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers, providing a broad view of stock levels across the business sector.

The U.S. Consumer Price Index tracks changes in prices paid by urban consumers and is a major gauge of U.S. inflation pressure.

U.S. new orders for non-defence capital goods excluding aircraft (Census) — monthly change

A monthly measure of U.S. orders for long-lasting manufactured goods, excluding transportation equipment.

A monthly measure of U.S. retail and food-services sales excluding motor vehicle and parts dealers.

A quarterly U.S. measure of profits earned by corporations from current production.

A monthly measure of changes in U.S. orders for long-lasting manufactured goods, excluding defense-related orders.

A monthly Census Bureau measure of new orders received by U.S. manufacturers for long-lasting goods.

A weekly measure of commercial crude oil stocks in the United States, published by the Energy Information Administration.

The U.S. Export Price Index month-over-month change tracks monthly movements in prices for U.S. exports and helps traders assess traded-goods inflation pressure.

A monthly Census Bureau measure of changes in new orders placed with U.S. manufacturers.

A broad measure of price changes for goods and services produced in the United States.

A monthly measure of newly begun privately owned residential construction in the United States.

U.S. Housing Starts MoM measures the monthly change in new residential construction activity, usually using the seasonally adjusted annual rate of privately owned housing units started.

The U.S. Import Price Index MoM tracks the monthly change in prices paid for imports into the United States and is watched as an early signal of imported inflation pressure.

Initial Jobless Claims track new weekly applications for U.S. unemployment insurance and are used as a fast-moving gauge of layoffs and labor-market stress.

The four-week average of U.S. initial jobless claims smooths weekly unemployment-insurance filings to show the underlying trend in layoffs.

A monthly report on U.S. exports, imports and the resulting goods-and-services trade balance.

U.S. manufacturing output (Federal Reserve G.17) — monthly change

The U.S. Monthly Treasury Statement reports federal receipts, outlays and the monthly budget surplus or deficit.

U.S. Net Long-Term TIC Flows measure net cross-border transactions in long-term securities between U.S. and foreign residents, offering a window into portfolio capital flows and demand for U.S. assets.

U.S. nonfarm business labor productivity tracks quarterly changes in output per hour worked, a key measure of economic efficiency.

A monthly US housing indicator based on contracts signed for existing homes before the sales are completed.

U.S. Pending Home Sales tracks signed contracts to buy previously owned homes and is watched as a leading indicator for future existing-home sales.

U.S. Pending Home Sales YoY tracks the annual change in signed contracts to buy existing homes, offering a forward-looking view of housing demand before sales are completed.

A monthly Bureau of Economic Analysis measure of the change in income received by U.S. households and nonprofit institutions serving households.

A monthly measure of changes in U.S. consumer spending, based on personal consumption expenditures (PCE).

U.S. Private Nonfarm Payrolls tracks monthly changes in payroll jobs at private nonfarm businesses and is released within the BLS Employment Situation report.

A monthly measure of the change in a narrower, GDP-relevant slice of U.S. retail sales, excluding several volatile or separately treated categories.

A monthly U.S. Census Bureau indicator tracking retail and food-service sales growth excluding motor vehicle and parts dealers.

A monthly measure of U.S. retail and food-service sales that excludes gasoline stations and motor vehicle and parts dealers, used to assess underlying consumer demand.

U-6 is the broadest BLS unemployment-style measure, adding marginally attached workers and people working part time for economic reasons to the officially unemployed.

U.S. nonfarm unit labor costs track labor compensation per unit of output and are a key gauge of wage-related cost pressure after accounting for productivity.

A monthly measure of the value of goods held for sale by U.S. merchant wholesalers.

UK Average Weekly Earnings including bonuses tracks annual growth in total employee pay in Great Britain, averaged over a three-month period.

UK Business Investment QoQ tracks the quarterly change in business spending on non-financial assets and is a component of investment in the national accounts.

UK new car registrations (SMMT) — annual change

12-month change in UK consumer prices excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco, published by the ONS.

Monthly change in seasonally adjusted Great Britain retail sales volumes excluding automotive fuel.

The UK GDP 3-Month Average is a rolling measure of real economic growth over the latest three months compared with the previous three months.

A monthly estimate of real UK economic output, used to track near-term growth momentum.

A measure of the UK’s goods exports minus goods imports with countries outside the European Union.

Monthly change in UK broad money (M4ex), published by the Bank of England.

UK manufacturing output (ONS Index of Production) — monthly change

A monthly measure of the net amount households borrow through mortgages, used to track housing-related credit conditions in the UK.

Monthly net borrowing by UK individuals (mortgages plus consumer credit), in £ billion, from the Bank of England.

UK Producer Price Index — input prices, monthly change

UK Producer Price Index — input prices, annual change

UK Producer Price Index — output prices, monthly change

UK Producer Price Index — output prices, annual change

A monthly measure of whether the UK public sector spent more or less than it received.

A monthly measure of the change in the quantity of retail goods bought in Great Britain, excluding automotive fuel.

A measure of changes in retail purchasing after petrol and diesel sales are removed.

Ukraine’s month-over-month inflation rate shows the latest monthly change in the Consumer Price Index for goods and services bought by households.

Ukraine’s year-over-year inflation rate shows the annual change in consumer prices measured by the Consumer Price Index.

A monthly survey measure of the inflation rate U.S. consumers expect over the next year.

A monthly survey measure of US consumers’ longer-run inflation expectations.

The completed monthly University of Michigan survey reading on how US consumers assess their finances and the economy.

A year-on-year measure of changes in Uruguay's consumer prices, based on the Consumer Price Index.

A monthly measure of the share of Uruguay’s labour force that is unemployed and actively seeking work.

Building permits show how many new private housing units have been authorized for construction in the United States.

A monthly composite indicator intended to give an early view of potential turning points in the US business cycle.

A monthly Federal Reserve report covering non-mortgage credit extended to US consumers.

New York Fed median one-year-ahead household inflation expectation, in percent.

The Consumer Price Index is a monthly measure of changes in the prices consumers pay for a broad basket of goods and services.

A US inflation measure that excludes food and energy prices from the Consumer Price Index.

A monthly measure of underlying US consumer-price inflation that excludes food and energy.

A monthly measure of underlying US consumer-price inflation that excludes food and energy.

A yearly measure of US consumer-price inflation excluding food and energy.

A monthly measure of U.S. producer-price inflation excluding volatile components, used to assess pipeline inflation pressure.

A year-over-year measure of underlying US producer-price inflation after selected volatile components are excluded.

A quarterly US measure of the change in employers’ spending on employee benefits.

A revised quarterly reading of inflation-adjusted US economic output, published after more complete source data become available.

A monthly measure of the change in US federal, state and local government employment, published as part of the Employment Situation report.

A smoothed weekly measure of new US unemployment-insurance claims that helps traders assess changes in labour-market conditions.

A monthly measure of the change in employment on US manufacturing payrolls.

The annual benchmark revision is BLS's comparison of US payroll estimates with more complete administrative employment records.

A monthly measure of price changes received by US producers for their output.

A monthly measure of changes in prices received by US producers for their output.

Uzbekistan’s foreign exchange reserves measure the central bank’s stock of official reserve assets and other foreign-currency assets, an important gauge of external liquidity and currency resilience.

A monthly Australian consumer-confidence indicator showing how household sentiment has changed from the previous month.

Zambia’s Consumer Price Index tracks changes in the prices households pay for goods and services; the monthly inflation reading compares the index with the previous month.

An annual measure of changes in the prices Zambian households pay for goods and services.