A–Z of economic indicators

A monthly estimate of real UK economic output, used to track near-term growth momentum.

UK Business Investment QoQ tracks the quarterly change in business spending on non-financial assets and is a component of investment in the national accounts.

12-month change in UK consumer prices excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco, published by the ONS.

The UK GDP 3-Month Average is a rolling measure of real economic growth over the latest three months compared with the previous three months.

A measure of the UK’s goods exports minus goods imports with countries outside the European Union.

A measure of changes in retail purchasing after petrol and diesel sales are removed.

A monthly measure of the net unsecured borrowing of UK households.

The Conference Board Consumer Confidence Index measures how U.S. consumers feel about current and future economic conditions. It is based on survey questions about business conditions, jobs and household income expectations.

A pause in which price moves tightly sideways, often after a strong move, while the market absorbs it.

A Slovak state holiday observed on 1 September to mark the country’s constitution.

A monthly estimate of the number of people aged 15–74 who are employed in Sweden, published in Statistics Sweden's Labour Force Surveys.

A monthly FGV IBRE survey-based measure of Brazilian households' views on their finances and the economy.

A monthly survey indicator of German households' confidence and expected spending conditions.

A monthly German consumer-sentiment survey that provides an early read on household spending conditions.

A monthly survey-based measure of how German firms view their present business situation.

The current behaviour of the market — trending, ranging, quiet or volatile — that decides which strategies can work.

A monthly Federal Reserve report covering non-mortgage credit extended to US consumers.

A monthly gauge of New Zealand household sentiment and willingness to spend.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices paid by households in Bavaria.

A monthly measure of annual consumer-price inflation in Bavaria, published as an early regional German inflation indicator.

A monthly measure of changes in prices paid by Belgian households, with the MoM reading showing the change from the previous month.

Annual change in Belgium's national headline consumer price index, published by Statbel.

Bulgaria construction output year-over-year tracks the annual change in construction production and provides a timely signal of building and infrastructure activity.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME Australian Dollar contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME Brazilian Real contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME Canadian Dollar contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME Swiss Franc contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CBOT Corn contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME British Pound contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly measure of reported speculative net positioning in U.S. gold futures.

A weekly CFTC positioning measure showing the net futures exposure of non-commercial traders in Japanese yen contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME New Zealand Dollar contract, in thousands of contracts.

U.S. Construction Spending tracks the monthly value of construction work put in place and is used as a signal of building activity and investment momentum.

A Bank of England business-survey measure of the UK CPI inflation rate firms expect one year ahead.

A monthly survey measure of how euro area consumers expect inflation to develop, with the commonly followed headline covering the next 12 months.

Euro area production in construction (Eurostat) — monthly change

A monthly measure of Finnish households' views on their finances, the economy and major-purchase conditions.

A quarterly summary of Federal Reserve participants' outlooks for US growth, unemployment, inflation and the appropriate policy-rate path.

INSEE's monthly household confidence indicator for France; long-run average 100.

France's monthly measure of changes in consumer prices.

A quarterly national-accounts measure of spending by households and general government on final goods and services.

A monthly measure of how consumer prices in Germany changed from the previous month.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices in Greece, commonly followed through its year-on-year inflation rate.

A monthly measure of annual consumer-price inflation in the German state of Hesse.

A monthly, forward-looking survey indicator of how German businesses expect conditions to develop over the coming six months.

A monthly measure of the year-on-year change in newly registered passenger cars in Italy.

A monthly measure of new construction orders received by Japan's 50 major construction companies.

This reports how the value of new construction orders received by major Japanese construction companies changed from the same month a year earlier. It gives a quick view of demand for building and infrastructure work.

Macau's monthly measure of changes in consumer prices paid by households.

An annual measure of changes in household consumer prices in Malawi.

A weekly indicator of U.S. mortgage application volumes, covering home-purchase and refinancing demand.

A monthly U.S. household survey that tracks consumers’ views of their finances, the economy and buying conditions.

A monthly survey index showing how U.S. consumers assess their present financial situation and current buying conditions.

A monthly survey measure of the inflation rate U.S. households expect over the next year.

A business-survey measure of whether firms expect to raise or lower their selling prices in the months ahead.

A monthly CIS survey that tracks how Spanish households assess current and expected economic and financial conditions.

A monthly indicator of how Swedish construction-sector production has changed from the same month a year earlier.

The U.S. Consumer Price Index tracks changes in prices paid by urban consumers and is a major gauge of U.S. inflation pressure.

UK new car registrations (SMMT) — annual change

The Consumer Price Index is a monthly measure of changes in the prices consumers pay for a broad basket of goods and services.

A US inflation measure that excludes food and energy prices from the Consumer Price Index.

A monthly measure of underlying US consumer-price inflation that excludes food and energy.

A monthly measure of underlying US consumer-price inflation that excludes food and energy.

A monthly Australian consumer-confidence indicator showing how household sentiment has changed from the previous month.

A quarterly ABS measure of the real value of building and engineering construction completed in Australia.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices in Baden-Württemberg, often watched as an early regional signal for German inflation.

An overview of Bosnia and Herzegovina's headline consumer inflation measure and its year-on-year reading.

A monthly measure of how consumer prices in Brandenburg have changed compared with the same month a year earlier.

A monthly measure of how prices paid by households in Cabo Verde have changed since the previous month.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the COMEX Aluminum MWP (U.S. Midwest premium) contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly measure of net speculative positioning in U.S. copper futures.

A weekly measure of reported speculative net exposure in crude oil futures, derived from the CFTC's Commitments of Traders reports.

A weekly measure of net non-commercial positioning in CME Euro FX futures, derived from the CFTC Commitments of Traders report.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME E-mini Nasdaq-100 contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the NYMEX Natural Gas (NYMEX Henry Hub) contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CME E-mini S&P 500 contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the COMEX Silver contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CBOT Soybeans contract, in thousands of contracts.

A weekly CFTC measure of speculative (non-commercial) net futures positioning in the CBOT Soft Red Winter Wheat contract, in thousands of contracts.

Costa Rica's main monthly measure of changes in household consumer prices.

A monthly European Commission survey release that tracks confidence among euro-area businesses and consumers.

Finland's headline measure of the annual change in prices paid by households for a representative basket of consumer goods and services.

A monthly measure of changes in prices paid by households in Italy.

A monthly measure of annual consumer-price changes for Italian blue- and white-collar households, excluding tobacco products.

Japan’s headline consumer-inflation measure, showing how prices for a representative household basket have changed from a year earlier.

A monthly survey measure of how US consumers view their own financial prospects and the broader economy ahead.

A monthly measure of consumer-price inflation in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

The Seychelles Consumer Price Index tracks changes in the prices households pay for a basket of goods and services. Its year-on-year rate is a widely used measure of annual consumer inflation.

An early estimate of the monthly change in prices paid by households in Spain.

A monthly measure of how Tunisia's consumer-price index changed from the previous month.

The completed monthly University of Michigan survey reading on how US consumers assess their finances and the economy.

New York Fed median one-year-ahead household inflation expectation, in percent.

A monthly measure of changes in the volume of goods purchased by French households.

A monthly survey measure of the inflation rate U.S. consumers expect over the next year.

A monthly survey measure of US consumers’ longer-run inflation expectations.

CPIF is Sweden's consumer-price measure that holds the direct effect of mortgage-interest-rate changes constant.

Spain’s EU-comparable consumer-inflation measure, reported here as a preliminary year-on-year rate.

Monthly change in seasonally adjusted Great Britain retail sales volumes excluding automotive fuel.

UK Average Weekly Earnings including bonuses tracks annual growth in total employee pay in Great Britain, averaged over a three-month period.

A monthly measure of the change in the quantity of retail goods bought in Great Britain, excluding automotive fuel.

A breakout occurs when price moves decisively beyond a defined level such as a range high, trendline or consolidation boundary. It signals that the balance between buyers and sellers has shifted and can start a sustained move. Breakouts also fail often, so traders look for confirmation through follow-through, expanding range and a successful retest of the broken level.

A monthly survey-based gauge of business conditions in the Chicago area, also known as the Chicago Business Barometer.

Several independent reasons pointing at the same level or direction at once.

Correlation describes how closely two markets or currency pairs tend to move in relation to each other.

A public holiday observed in several countries, including the United States and Canada, that can close or shorten market sessions and thin out liquidity.

A specific price on the chart used as a reference point for decisions.

Range-bound describes a market in which price moves between a recognisable upper boundary and lower boundary without establishing a sustained directional trend. Buyers tend to appear near the lower part of the range, while sellers tend to appear near the upper part.

Price reaching a level and being pushed straight back, usually leaving a long wick behind.

The full set of conditions that has to be present before a trade is even considered.

A sustained directional move, defined by higher highs and higher lows, or lower highs and lower lows.

Volatility describes how much price moves over a given period. High volatility means larger, faster swings and wider ranges; low volatility means quiet, compressed trading. Volatility is not direction — a market can be highly volatile while going nowhere. It rises around major news, session opens and central-bank decisions, and it decides how far stops and targets need to sit.

A regular French Treasury bill auction used to fund the state at the short end of the euro yield curve.

France sells short-term government debt that normally matures in approximately three months.

A monthly survey indicator tracking whether South African manufacturing conditions are improving or weakening.

Albania’s CPI inflation rate tracks changes in consumer prices using INSTAT’s Consumer Price Index. The release is watched for signals about purchasing power, monetary policy pressure and lek-denominated market expectations.

ANZ Business Confidence shows whether New Zealand firms are generally optimistic or pessimistic about business conditions. The headline figure is usually a net balance, meaning the share expecting improvement minus the share expecting deterioration.

ATR, or Average True Range, measures the average distance a market travels over a chosen number of periods, including gaps. It is a pure volatility reading with no directional bias. Traders use ATR to set stop distances that respect normal noise, to size positions consistently, and to judge whether current conditions are unusually quiet or unusually fast.

Ireland's August Bank Holiday is a public holiday on the first Monday in August that can affect local market operations and liquidity.

A monthly indicator of a quoted UK mortgage borrowing rate.

A briefing in which Bank of Canada officials explain a policy decision and take questions after the rate announcement.

Bank of Japan JGB purchases are central-bank operations in which the BoJ buys Japanese government bonds to implement policy and influence liquidity conditions in the bond market.

The Bank of Japan's quarterly assessment and projections for Japan's economic activity and prices.

A post-meeting briefing in which the Bank of Japan Governor explains policy decisions and discusses the outlook for Japan's economy and prices.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices paid by households in Brandenburg, Germany.

Brazil vehicle registrations (Fenabrave) — monthly change

United States Building Permits track authorizations for new privately owned residential housing units and are used as a forward-looking gauge of future homebuilding activity.

Business confidence tracks firms’ survey-based views of current conditions and near-term economic prospects.

Canada CPI-median YoY is a Bank of Canada preferred core inflation measure showing the year-over-year change in the weighted median price movement within the CPI basket.

Canada's annual CPI change excluding eight volatile components and indirect-tax effects.

A monthly survey of Canadian small-business confidence and operating conditions.

China New Yuan Loans tracks new renminbi-denominated lending and is used as a gauge of credit creation and financing conditions in China.

Canada's Civic Holiday is an early-August holiday that can reduce local participation and affect Canadian market operations.

The trades with the clearest conditions: an obvious level, a readable market and no imminent event about to change everything.

A U.S. measure of underlying consumer inflation based on personal consumption expenditures, excluding food and energy.

A quarterly measure of underlying US consumer-price inflation that excludes food and energy.

A scheduled public address by Piero Cipollone, a member of the European Central Bank's Executive Board.

A public appearance by Claudia Buch that may provide context on euro-area banking supervision and financial-stability conditions.

A regular European Central Bank publication explaining the economic and monetary analysis behind its policy decisions.

A public speech or appearance by Philip R. Lane of the European Central Bank, watched for signals about euro-area monetary policy and economic conditions.

A post-meeting briefing where ECB leaders explain monetary policy decisions and answer questions from journalists.

A scheduled public appearance by ECB Vice-President Boris Vujčić that may offer clues about how a senior policymaker views the euro area economy and monetary policy.

A calendar entry for public remarks by Isabel Schnabel, a member of the European Central Bank's Executive Board.

A monthly European Commission survey composite that tracks confidence among businesses and consumers across the EU and euro area.

The checklist of conditions that must all be true before you are allowed to enter.

A measure of annual euro-area consumer-price inflation that excludes energy, food, alcohol and tobacco.

Headline annual consumer-price inflation across the euro area, released first as a Flash estimate and later as a Final reading.

The conditions that close a trade, whether it is winning or losing.

A Federal Reserve report that summarizes anecdotal economic conditions across the 12 US Federal Reserve Districts.

Public remarks by Federal Reserve Governor Lisa D. Cook that may provide insight into economic assessment, financial conditions or policy thinking.

A Fed Hammack speech is a public appearance by Cleveland Fed President Beth M. Hammack that may provide insight into her views on the economy, financial conditions and monetary policy.

The official Federal Reserve record explaining the discussion and decisions at a recent FOMC meeting.

Annual change in France's national consumer price index (IPC), published by INSEE as a provisional estimate and then a final figure.

A monthly measure of France's net trade, income and transfer transactions with the rest of the world.

France's EU-comparable measure of consumer-price inflation.

France's EU-comparable measure of annual consumer-price inflation.

A monthly measure of German consumer-price inflation designed for comparison across the European Union.

A monthly measure of turnover in Germany's retail sector, used as an indicator of household-facing demand.

A monthly measure of changes in retail trade turnover in Germany.

Annual change in Germany's national consumer price index (VPI), published by Destatis as a flash estimate and then a final figure.

A monthly measure of Greece's transactions with the rest of the world.

A monthly, EU-comparable measure of consumer-price inflation in Greece.

A monthly indicator of changes in Greek retail-trade activity compared with the same month a year earlier.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices in Hesse, expressed here against the previous month.

A monthly ABS indicator showing how Australian household spending changes from the previous month.

Australia Household Spending YoY tracks annual growth in household spending and offers a timely signal of consumer demand.

A quarterly measure of Iceland’s net transactions with the rest of the world for trade, income and current transfers.

A monthly survey-based indicator of how German businesses assess current conditions and the near-term outlook.

CPI measures the change in the price of a basket of goods and services bought by households, and it is the headline gauge of inflation. Core CPI strips out food and energy to show the underlying trend. Because central banks set interest rates to control inflation, a CPI surprise moves currencies quickly and is one of the highest-impact releases on the calendar.

A setup that has stopped meeting its own conditions, so it should no longer be traded.

IPC-Fipe Inflation MoM tracks monthly consumer price changes in São Paulo and is used as a timely local inflation gauge for Brazil.

Arbaeen is an Iranian public holiday observed according to the Islamic calendar, with market relevance mainly through closures, settlement timing and local liquidity conditions.

Monthly change in Ireland's national consumer price index, published by the CSO.

Annual change in Ireland's national consumer price index, published by the CSO.

Monthly change in Ireland's Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, published by the CSO as a flash estimate and then a final figure.

Annual change in Ireland's Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, published by the CSO as a flash estimate and then a final figure.

A monthly measure of changes in retail sales activity in Ireland, with annual readings comparing the latest period with the same period a year earlier.

A monthly measure of changes in the volume of retail sales in Ireland.

Italy's EU-harmonised measure of monthly and annual consumer-price inflation.

Annual change in Italy's national consumer price index (NIC), published by Istat as a preliminary estimate and then a final figure.

Seasonally adjusted survey index of Italian manufacturing conditions; 50 = no change.

A monthly composite indicator of Japan's current business-cycle conditions.

A monthly measure of new dwellings beginning construction in Japan, commonly viewed through its year-over-year rate of change.

A composite indicator intended to give an early signal of changes in Japan’s business cycle.

JOLTS quits measure voluntary job separations in the United States and are watched as a gauge of worker confidence and labor-market tightness.

Kadooment Day is a Barbados bank holiday linked to Crop Over and can affect local banking and market operations.

A monthly ECB measure of the annual growth rate of bank lending to euro-area households.

A quarterly measure of the year-on-year change in the value of goods sold by retailers in Macau.

Malaysia PPI YoY shows how producer-level prices changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It is an early measure of price pressure before goods reach consumers.

A weekly indicator of U.S. mortgage applications for home purchases.

A moving average smooths price into a single line by averaging recent closes, making the underlying direction easier to see. Simple and exponential versions are the most common, with the exponential type reacting faster to new prices. Traders use moving averages to define trend, to locate dynamic support and resistance, and to time pullback entries.

A monthly Australian business-sentiment indicator from NAB's Monthly Business Survey, reported as a net balance of firms' views.

A monthly official survey of whether conditions in China’s manufacturing sector are improving or worsening.

A year-on-year measure of new car sales or registrations, used as a read on consumer demand and economic activity.

A monthly U.S. measure of sales of newly built single-family homes.

A monthly U.S. housing indicator covering sales of newly built single-family homes.

This measures how producer prices in North Macedonia have changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It shows price pressure faced by producers before goods and services reach consumers.

A monthly U.S. inflation measure based on the prices paid for personal consumption expenditures.

Philippines PPI YoY measures how prices charged by domestic manufacturers changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It is an early gauge of price pressure before goods reach consumers.

Portugal's headline monthly measure of changes in consumer prices.

Annual change in Portugal's national consumer price index (IPC), published by Statistics Portugal as a flash estimate and then a final figure.

A monthly Australian indicator showing how many private-sector houses received building approval.

PPI measures the change in prices that producers receive for their output, so it captures inflation earlier in the supply chain than CPI. Rising producer costs often feed through to consumer prices later, which is why traders treat PPI as a leading inflation signal. It moves markets less than CPI, but a large surprise still shifts interest-rate expectations.

A market rotating between a fairly consistent high and low with no sustained direction.

A public appearance by Reserve Bank of Australia Assistant Governor Brad Jones that may provide information about the Bank's views on financial-system and economic conditions.

A scheduled speech or public appearance by Andrea Brischetto of the Reserve Bank of Australia.

A scheduled Reserve Bank of Australia public appearance by Christopher Kent, watched for signals about financial conditions, market operations and monetary policy context.

Retail sales measure consumer spending on goods sold by retailers over a stated period.

Risk sentiment describes the market's overall appetite for risk. In risk-on conditions investors buy growth-sensitive assets such as equities, the Australian dollar and emerging-market currencies. In risk-off conditions they retreat to perceived safety: the US dollar, the Japanese yen, the Swiss franc, gold and government bonds. Sentiment often drives currencies more than the day's scheduled data does.

Annual change in Saxony (Sachsen)'s state consumer price index, published by the Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices paid by households in Saxony, Germany.

A monthly survey indicator of business conditions in Singapore's manufacturing sector, published by the Singapore Institute of Purchasing and Materials Management.

A measure of Spain's annual underlying consumer inflation that excludes unprocessed food and energy products.

Annual change in Spain's national consumer price index (IPC), published by INE as an advance indicator and then a final figure.

Seasonally adjusted survey index of Spanish manufacturing conditions; 50 = no change.

Spain’s EU-comparable measure of consumer-price inflation.

CPIF is Sweden’s principal inflation measure for monetary-policy purposes. It tracks consumer prices while holding the direct effect of changing mortgage interest rates constant.

A monthly survey indicator of business conditions in Sweden's service sector, published jointly by Swedbank and Silf.

An early monthly gauge of annual consumer-price inflation in Tokyo’s wards.

A chart clear enough to trade from: obvious highs and lows, a level worth watching and a stop loss with somewhere logical to sit.

A period of the day when conditions typically support trading — reasonable liquidity, no major release imminent.

A trading plan is a written framework that defines how a trader approaches markets, manages risk and reviews decisions.

A period where price moves sideways between a fairly consistent high and low rather than trending.

The written instructions that decide what you trade, how much you risk and when you stop.

A block of the trading day defined by which financial centres are active, and therefore how much liquidity is available.

A monthly measure of newly begun privately owned residential construction in the United States.

U.S. Housing Starts MoM measures the monthly change in new residential construction activity, usually using the seasonally adjusted annual rate of privately owned housing units started.

A monthly Bureau of Economic Analysis measure of the change in income received by U.S. households and nonprofit institutions serving households.

A monthly measure of the net amount households borrow through mortgages, used to track housing-related credit conditions in the UK.

Building permits show how many new private housing units have been authorized for construction in the United States.

A yearly measure of US consumer-price inflation excluding food and energy.

A South Korean government bond auction for 30-year KTBs, watched for long-end won-rate demand and sovereign funding conditions.

A monthly survey-based gauge of whether activity in Australian industrial sectors is expanding or contracting.

Angola Inflation Rate MoM is the monthly change in Angola’s national consumer price index, a short-term measure of household price inflation.

Angola’s CPI annual inflation rate measures the year-over-year change in consumer prices using the National Consumer Price Index.

Armenia’s year-over-year consumer inflation rate, based on the national Consumer Price Index.

A monthly measure of changes in prices received by Armenia’s industrial producers, with the YoY figure comparing a month with the same month a year earlier.

Australia Building Approvals MoM tracks the monthly change in approved building work and is used as a leading indicator for future construction activity.

Australia Building Approvals YoY tracks the annual change in approved dwelling units and is used as an early signal of the housing construction pipeline.

Australia Private Sector Credit tracks growth in credit provided to households and businesses by domestic financial institutions. The MoM version compares with the previous month, while the YoY version compares with the same month a year earlier.

The RBA meeting minutes are a written record of the central bank’s latest monetary policy discussion. They help explain why policymakers made their interest-rate decision and what risks they considered.

A core inflation measure that removes unusually large price changes from Australia’s Consumer Price Index before calculating the average movement.

An underlying-inflation measure that identifies the weighted midpoint of monthly price changes across Australia’s CPI basket.

Weighted Median CPI is an underlying-inflation measure that focuses on the price change affecting the middle of the household expenditure basket after components are ranked and weighted.

Annual change in Baden-Württemberg's state consumer price index, published by the Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg.

Bahrain’s GDP growth rate shows the annual change in the country’s economic output and is used to assess broad economic momentum.

Bahrain's Consumer Price Index measures changes in the prices paid by households for a basket of consumer goods and services. Its year-on-year change is commonly described as the inflation rate.

Bangladesh’s CPI inflation rate tracks changes in household consumer prices and is a key gauge of domestic price pressure.

A weekly Banco Central do Brasil publication summarizing market expectations for Brazil’s inflation, activity, exchange rate and policy-rate outlook.

Belarus CPI inflation year-over-year tracks the annual change in consumer prices paid by households and is a key gauge of domestic price pressure.

A Bank of England communication event featuring Monetary Policy Committee member Catherine L. Mann.

The Bank of Japan's post-meeting announcement of its monetary-policy decisions and policy assessment.

Botswana’s month-over-month inflation rate tracks the monthly change in consumer prices using the national Consumer Price Index.

Botswana’s CPI annual inflation rate measures the year-over-year change in consumer prices for goods and services purchased by households.

Brazil IGP-10 Inflation MoM tracks the monthly change in FGV IBRE's broad General Price Index - 10, combining producer, consumer and construction-cost prices.

Brazil IPCA-15 is an early monthly reading of consumer price inflation in Brazil. It tracks how prices paid by households change during a mid-month collection window rather than the full calendar month.

A monthly private-sector gauge of annual growth in UK retail sales, produced by the British Retail Consortium with KPMG.

Measures how prices are changing for commonly purchased food and non-food products in UK shops.

A monthly balance-of-payments measure of Bulgaria’s transactions in goods, services, income and transfers with the rest of the world.

Bulgaria’s CPI inflation rate month-over-month measures the monthly change in household consumer prices and is the country’s national CPI-based measure of short-term inflation momentum.

Bulgaria’s year-over-year CPI inflation rate measures the annual change in consumer prices paid by households and is a key gauge of price pressure in the Bulgarian economy.

A monthly survey-based measure of conditions in euro-area manufacturing.

Monthly change in seasonally adjusted Canadian retail sales excluding motor vehicle and parts dealers and gasoline stations and fuel vendors.

A monthly Statistics Canada measure of net foreign investment in Canadian securities, used to gauge overseas demand for Canadian financial assets and potential CAD-relevant capital flows.

A monthly measure of changes in Canadian builders' selling prices for comparable newly built homes.

The year-on-year change in Cabo Verde's Consumer Price Index, measuring how consumer prices compare with the same month a year earlier.

A CBI survey of UK retail, wholesale and motor-trade businesses that offers an early view of sales and wider distribution-sector conditions.

How speeches by the UK Chancellor can matter for sterling, gilts, and expectations for fiscal policy.

A qualitative Chinese policy event watched for signals on growth, fiscal support, monetary conditions and reform priorities.

China's longer-term Loan Prime Rate is a monthly benchmark for bank lending, with particular relevance to mortgages and other loans extending beyond five years.

China NBS Manufacturing PMI is an official survey measure of conditions in China’s manufacturing sector. A reading above 50 generally indicates expansion, while a reading below 50 indicates contraction.

China NBS Non-Manufacturing PMI is a survey-based measure of activity in China’s services and construction sectors. Readings above 50 generally signal expansion, while readings below 50 signal contraction.

A monthly U.S. measure of underlying consumer-price inflation based on personal consumption expenditures, excluding food and energy.

A U.S. measure of underlying consumer inflation that excludes food and energy prices.

Costa Rica’s annual headline consumer-inflation rate, based on the change in the Consumer Price Index from the same month a year earlier.

An early monthly estimate of changes in consumer prices in Croatia.

Croatia’s Consumer Price Index measures changes in the prices private households pay for goods and services. The year-on-year rate compares the latest month with the same month a year earlier.

This is a monthly Dallas Fed survey of service-sector businesses in Texas. It asks firms whether activity such as revenue, employment, prices and general business conditions improved, worsened or stayed the same from the prior month.

This measures the share of Denmark’s labour force that is registered as unemployed. It is a monthly indicator of labour-market slack based on administrative registrations.

A guide to the European Central Bank's policy-rate decision and why it is closely watched in euro markets.

A delayed summary of the discussion and reasoning behind the ECB Governing Council's monetary policy decisions.

A published summary of the European Central Bank Governing Council's discussion behind a recent monetary policy decision.

The European Central Bank's explanation of its monetary-policy decision for the euro area.

A scheduled public appearance by the President of the European Central Bank that may provide clues about the ECB's assessment of the economy and monetary policy.

Ecuador’s CPI annual inflation rate measures the year-over-year change in consumer prices paid by urban households, using the Consumer Price Index published by INEC.

Egypt’s year-over-year core inflation rate tracks the annual change in underlying consumer-price pressure after excluding selected volatile or regulated items from the headline CPI basket.

Egypt’s month-over-month inflation rate tracks the monthly change in the headline consumer price index published by CAPMAS.

Egypt's CPI annual inflation rate tracks the year-over-year change in headline consumer prices and is a key measure of household price pressure.

Ethiopia’s CPI inflation rate year-over-year measures the annual percentage change in consumer prices using the national Consumer Price Index.

A monthly euro-area inflation measure that removes tobacco prices from the consumer-price basket.

A monthly measure of the euro area's transactions with the rest of the world, reported on a calendar- and seasonally-adjusted basis.

A quarterly national-accounts measure of the change in the number of people employed across the euro area.

A quarterly Eurostat measure of how total employment in the euro area has changed from the same quarter a year earlier.

A measure of annual euro-area consumer-price inflation that excludes energy, food, alcohol and tobacco.

The all-items Euro Area HICP expressed in index points — the underlying price index from which euro-area inflation rates are calculated.

A monthly survey measure of how euro-area manufacturers view current and expected business conditions.

A monthly European Commission survey measure of confidence among euro-area service businesses.

Public remarks by Federal Reserve governors can provide context on U.S. economic conditions and monetary-policy thinking.

A guide to market-moving public remarks by Federal Reserve Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson.

The Federal Open Market Committee's decision on the federal funds rate target and related US monetary-policy settings.

A monthly survey-based gauge of sentiment among Finnish manufacturing businesses.

A monthly Labour Force Survey measure of the share of Finland's labour force that is unemployed.

A calendar event for public remarks by Federal Reserve Board member Michelle W. Bowman, whose comments can inform expectations for U.S. monetary policy.

A monthly INSEE survey-based gauge of business conditions across France’s main market sectors.

Seasonally adjusted survey index of French manufacturing conditions; 50 = no change.

A regular auction of French Treasury bills maturing in about six months.

Georgia Inflation Rate MoM tracks the monthly change in the consumer price index, showing short-term price momentum in the Georgian economy.

Georgia’s annual inflation rate measures the year-on-year change in consumer prices using the national consumer price index.

An early estimate of annual consumer-price inflation in Germany using the EU-harmonised HICP measure.

A monthly business survey that combines German firms' views of current conditions and their expectations for the next six months.

ZEW survey balance of analysts' six-month expectations for the German economy.

A German federal auction of roughly one-year Treasury discount paper, used by traders to gauge demand for short-dated German government debt and euro money-market conditions.

Seasonally adjusted survey index of German manufacturing conditions; 50 = no change.

Germany Wholesale Prices MoM measures the monthly change in wholesale selling prices, giving traders an upstream view of inflation pressure before it reaches consumers.

Seasonally adjusted survey index of Greek manufacturing conditions; 50 = no change.

The Hungary HALPIM Manufacturing PMI is a monthly purchasing-manager survey that tracks whether Hungarian manufacturing conditions are improving or deteriorating.

HICP annual inflation measures year-on-year consumer price changes using Europe’s comparable inflation index.

A monthly survey of purchasing managers that provides an early read on conditions in euro-area manufacturing.

An early monthly survey of business conditions in Germany's service sector.

A Hungarian government auction of one-year discount Treasury bills, watched for short-term HUF funding conditions and demand for Hungarian sovereign debt.

A monthly measure of Iceland’s goods exports minus goods imports, used to assess goods-trade momentum and external demand conditions.

Iceland's Consumer Price Index measures monthly changes in the prices households pay for a representative basket of goods and services.

Iceland's annual inflation rate measures the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index from the same month a year earlier.

India Bank Loan Growth YoY measures the annual growth rate of bank credit, giving traders a read on credit creation and domestic financial conditions.

Indonesia’s year-over-year core inflation rate tracks the annual change in the core component of the consumer price index, offering a view of underlying price pressure beyond more volatile or administered items.

The Bank Indonesia rate paid on eligible banks' rupiah placements in the Deposit Facility.

An annual measure of how quickly outstanding bank credit in Indonesia is expanding or contracting.

A monthly year-over-year measure of Indonesian motorcycle sales or distribution, used as a sector-specific signal of consumer demand and credit-sensitive spending.

Seasonally adjusted survey index of Irish manufacturing conditions; 50 = no change.

A monthly diffusion index within the ISM Manufacturing PMI report that tracks whether U.S. manufacturers are reporting improving or worsening employment conditions.

A monthly survey indicator of employment conditions across U.S. service-sector businesses.

An auction of six-month Italian Treasury bills that offers a snapshot of Italy's short-term government funding conditions and investor demand.

A composite indicator of current Japanese economic activity, published by the Cabinet Office.

A monthly Cabinet Office survey that summarizes how front-line economic observers assess current conditions in Japan.

A weekly Ministry of Finance measure of Japanese residents' net purchases or sales of foreign bonds, used to monitor outward portfolio flows and possible yen-flow pressure.

This indicator measures how the number of new homes started in Japan changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It helps show whether residential construction activity is expanding or slowing.

Japan's commonly cited core inflation measure: the annual change in consumer prices excluding fresh food.

A monthly survey indicator of manufacturing conditions in the Federal Reserve's Tenth District.

A monthly measure of how consumer prices in Kazakhstan changed compared with the previous month.

An annual measure of how consumer prices in Kazakhstan have changed from the same month a year earlier.

An annual measure of the change in Lebanon's Consumer Price Index.

A monthly U.S. survey of logistics activity that tracks supply-chain, transportation, warehousing, and inventory conditions.

Macau's Consumer Price Index measures changes in the prices households pay for goods and services. The year-on-year rate compares the Composite CPI with the same month one year earlier.

A monthly measure of the annual change in North Macedonia's headline Consumer Price Index.

A monthly composite indicator that tracks the current state of Malaysia’s economy.

The MAS 36-Week Bill Auction is a Singapore-dollar money-market auction that helps investors gauge short-term funding conditions and demand for MAS bills.

The Mauritius Consumer Price Index tracks changes in the prices households pay for goods and services; its month-on-month change measures recent inflation momentum.

A monthly measure of the change in Mauritius consumer prices from the same month a year earlier.

A weekly Mortgage Bankers Association measure of the average contract rate on U.S. 30-year fixed-rate mortgages.

A weekly measure of U.S. mortgage application volume from the Mortgage Bankers Association.

A weekly indicator of U.S. mortgage refinance application activity compiled by the Mortgage Bankers Association.

An early fortnightly measure of annual consumer-price inflation in Mexico.

An early measure of changes in Mexican consumer prices over the first half of a month.

Moldova Inflation Rate MoM measures the monthly change in consumer prices using the Consumer Price Index.

Moldova's year-over-year inflation rate tracks the annual change in household consumer prices using the Consumer Price Index.

Mongolia's year-over-year inflation rate tracks the annual change in national consumer prices using the Consumer Price Index.

A monthly official survey indicator of business conditions across China’s services and construction sectors.

A monthly survey-based gauge of confidence and operating expectations among US small-business owners.

A measure of North Macedonia’s net current transactions with the rest of the world.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices in Germany's North Rhine-Westphalia state.

An auction of Norway's government bond maturing in May 2039, managed through Norges Bank's government debt operations.

Monthly change in the seasonally adjusted volume of Norwegian retail trade, including petrol stations.

A monthly New York Fed survey that tracks manufacturing conditions in New York State, with the headline general business conditions index used as an early signal of U.S. factory-sector momentum.

A monthly OPEC publication reviewing global oil-market conditions and updating its outlook for supply, demand and market balances.

Pakistan's monthly CPI release measures changes in household consumer prices, including the month-on-month inflation rate.

Pakistan’s year-on-year CPI inflation rate compares the overall cost of a household consumption basket with its level in the same month one year earlier.

A year-on-year measure of changes in consumer prices in Paraguay.

An early monthly estimate of changes in Portuguese consumer prices.

A monthly survey indicator that tracks whether Swiss manufacturing business conditions are expanding or contracting.

A public address or discussion by RBA Deputy Governor Andrew Hauser that may provide context on Australia’s economy, financial conditions and monetary policy.

Australia’s central-bank policy announcement setting or maintaining the cash rate target, a key driver of Australian interest-rate expectations and AUD market pricing.

A monthly U.S. consumer-sentiment survey covering the economic outlook, personal finances and views of federal economic policy.

The Richmond Fed Manufacturing Index is a monthly gauge of factory activity in the Fifth Federal Reserve District. It summarizes whether surveyed manufacturers report improving or worsening conditions compared with the prior month.

A monthly survey-based gauge of manufacturing conditions in the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond's Fifth District.

A post-decision briefing in which Sweden's central bank explains its monetary policy message.

The National Bank of Romania’s monetary-policy decision sets the main policy rate for the Romanian leu economy and can influence money-market rates, bond yields and exchange-rate expectations.

Rwanda Inflation Rate MoM tracks the monthly change in the national Consumer Price Index and gives markets an early read on short-term price pressure in the Rwandan economy.

Rwanda’s CPI annual inflation rate shows how much the overall consumer price basket has changed from the same month a year earlier.

A timely survey-based measure of business conditions across US manufacturers.

A monthly survey indicator of business conditions across the US service sector.

A Bank of Canada survey of business-lending practices at major Canadian financial institutions.

A short-term South African government debt auction for 182-day Treasury bills, watched for yield, demand and money-market conditions.

Annual change in South Africa's core consumer price index, published by Stats SA.

A South African government bond auction for the R2044 fixed-rate bond, used to gauge long-end rand bond demand and sovereign funding conditions.

A Korean government bond auction for 10-year Korea Treasury Bonds, watched for signals on long-term interest rates, sovereign-debt demand and KRW market conditions.

A primary-market auction of two-year Korea Treasury Bonds, watched for won-rate expectations and demand for Korean government debt.

A Spanish Treasury auction of 12-month bills, used to assess short-term sovereign funding conditions and demand for euro-denominated Spanish debt.

An auction of medium-term Spanish government bonds issued by the Treasury, watched for sovereign funding conditions and demand for Spanish debt.

A flash estimate of annual underlying consumer-price inflation in Spain, excluding unprocessed food and energy products.

An annual comparison of Spanish retail trade sales, published through INE's Retail Trade Indices.

A monthly survey-based gauge of business conditions in Sweden's manufacturing sector.

A scheduled sale of Swedish central-government bonds that provides information about demand for government debt and prevailing funding conditions.

Tunisia's annual inflation rate shows the year-on-year change in the Consumer Price Index.

A U.S. Treasury auction of long-term government bonds, watched for demand for duration and its impact on Treasury yields and broader financial conditions.

A weekly measure of active drilling rigs in the United States, widely used to track conditions in the oil and gas drilling industry.

A revised monthly reading of U.S. housing units authorized for construction.

A monthly measure of U.S. retail and food-services sales excluding motor vehicle and parts dealers.

A quarterly U.S. measure of profits earned by corporations from current production.

Initial Jobless Claims track new weekly applications for U.S. unemployment insurance and are used as a fast-moving gauge of layoffs and labor-market stress.

U.S. Net Long-Term TIC Flows measure net cross-border transactions in long-term securities between U.S. and foreign residents, offering a window into portfolio capital flows and demand for U.S. assets.

A monthly measure of changes in U.S. consumer spending, based on personal consumption expenditures (PCE).

A monthly measure of the change in a narrower, GDP-relevant slice of U.S. retail sales, excluding several volatile or separately treated categories.

A monthly U.S. Census Bureau indicator tracking retail and food-service sales growth excluding motor vehicle and parts dealers.

A monthly measure of U.S. retail and food-service sales that excludes gasoline stations and motor vehicle and parts dealers, used to assess underlying consumer demand.

U-6 is the broadest BLS unemployment-style measure, adding marginally attached workers and people working part time for economic reasons to the officially unemployed.

UK manufacturing output (ONS Index of Production) — monthly change

Monthly net borrowing by UK individuals (mortgages plus consumer credit), in £ billion, from the Bank of England.

Ukraine’s month-over-month inflation rate shows the latest monthly change in the Consumer Price Index for goods and services bought by households.

Ukraine’s year-over-year inflation rate shows the annual change in consumer prices measured by the Consumer Price Index.

A year-on-year measure of changes in Uruguay's consumer prices, based on the Consumer Price Index.

Zambia’s Consumer Price Index tracks changes in the prices households pay for goods and services; the monthly inflation reading compares the index with the previous month.

An annual measure of changes in the prices Zambian households pay for goods and services.

A monthly measure of Albania’s consumer-price inflation compared with the same month a year earlier, based on the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices.

A monthly survey indicator of conditions across Japan's manufacturing sector.

An early monthly survey of business conditions in Japan's service sector.

An annual underlying-inflation measure derived from Australia’s Consumer Price Index by excluding the most extreme component price movements.

Monthly change in Australian private-sector house approvals, an early signal of housing construction activity.

A scheduled public speech by Bank of England MPC member Sir Dave Ramsden.

The Consumer Price Index measures changes in the prices households pay for a basket of everyday goods and services.

A monthly meeting of Brazil’s National Monetary Council, which sets broad monetary, credit and financial-system policy guidelines.

The BusinessNZ PMI is a monthly survey of New Zealand manufacturing conditions and an early signal of whether the sector is expanding or contracting.

A monthly composite indicator that tracks underlying momentum in US employment conditions.

A monthly Dallas Fed survey indicator of broad business conditions among Texas manufacturers.

An alternative U.S. core-inflation measure that trims unusually large price changes from PCE price data.

A monthly measure of euro-area underlying consumer-price inflation, excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco.

A monthly measure of euro-area consumer-price changes excluding energy and food components.

A European Commission auction of one-year EU-Bills, watched for short-term euro funding conditions and demand for EU supranational debt.

A monthly ZEW survey indicator showing financial-market experts’ six-month economic expectations for the eurozone.

Canadian Purchases of Foreign Securities tracks net portfolio investment by Canadian residents in securities issued abroad.

Georgia's HICP annual inflation rate measures the year-over-year change in a harmonised consumer-price index designed for international comparability.

A scheduled speech or public appearance by the Vice-President of the Deutsche Bundesbank, Germany's central bank. Traders monitor these appearances for comments that may provide insight into inflation, interest rates, economic conditions, monetary policy or financial stability.

A regular auction of HUF-denominated Hungarian government bonds with an approximately five-year maturity, used to gauge sovereign funding conditions and investor demand.

A monthly measure of changes in prices paid by households for residential properties sold in Ireland.

A monthly Cabinet Office survey that tracks expectations for Japan’s near-term economic conditions among people who observe household, business, and employment activity closely.

A measure of annual Japanese consumer-price inflation that removes fresh food and energy to focus on underlying price pressures.

A monthly regional survey indicator of manufacturing conditions in the US Tenth Federal Reserve District.

A fortnightly reading of underlying consumer-price inflation in Mexico.

A first-half-month measure of annual underlying consumer-price inflation in Mexico.

A monthly gauge of U.S. homebuilder confidence in the newly built single-family housing market.

A monthly indicator of credit and charge card billings, with the year-on-year figure showing the change from the same month a year earlier.

This event reports the National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia's decision on its key monetary policy rate. The decision affects borrowing conditions in Macedonian denar markets and signals the central bank's view on inflation and financial stability.

A monthly survey of manufacturing conditions in the Philadelphia Federal Reserve District, widely known as the Philly Fed Index.

Weekly Wednesday level of balances banks hold at the Federal Reserve, from the Fed's H.4.1 release (millions of US dollars, not seasonally adjusted).

A smoothed weekly measure of new US unemployment-insurance claims that helps traders assess changes in labour-market conditions.