A–Z of economic indicators

CPIF is Sweden's consumer-price measure that holds the direct effect of mortgage-interest-rate changes constant.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices paid by households in Brandenburg, Germany.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices in Hesse, expressed here against the previous month.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices paid by households in Saxony, Germany.

Spain’s EU-comparable consumer-inflation measure, reported here as a preliminary year-on-year rate.

Iceland's Consumer Price Index measures monthly changes in the prices households pay for a representative basket of goods and services.

An annual measure of how consumer prices in Kazakhstan have changed from the same month a year earlier.

Macau's monthly measure of changes in consumer prices paid by households.

Moldova Inflation Rate MoM measures the monthly change in consumer prices using the Consumer Price Index.

A monthly measure of consumer-price inflation in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Albania’s CPI inflation rate tracks changes in consumer prices using INSTAT’s Consumer Price Index. The release is watched for signals about purchasing power, monetary policy pressure and lek-denominated market expectations.

A U.S. measure of underlying consumer inflation based on personal consumption expenditures, excluding food and energy.

A quarterly measure of underlying US consumer-price inflation that excludes food and energy.

Headline annual consumer-price inflation across the euro area, released first as a Flash estimate and later as a Final reading.

France's EU-comparable measure of consumer-price inflation.

France's EU-comparable measure of annual consumer-price inflation.

A monthly measure of German consumer-price inflation designed for comparison across the European Union.

A monthly, EU-comparable measure of consumer-price inflation in Greece.

IPC-Fipe Inflation MoM tracks monthly consumer price changes in São Paulo and is used as a timely local inflation gauge for Brazil.

Monthly change in Ireland's Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, published by the CSO as a flash estimate and then a final figure.

Annual change in Ireland's Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices, published by the CSO as a flash estimate and then a final figure.

Italy's EU-harmonised measure of monthly and annual consumer-price inflation.

Malaysia PPI YoY shows how producer-level prices changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It is an early measure of price pressure before goods reach consumers.

This measures how producer prices in North Macedonia have changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It shows price pressure faced by producers before goods and services reach consumers.

A monthly U.S. inflation measure based on the prices paid for personal consumption expenditures.

Philippines PPI YoY measures how prices charged by domestic manufacturers changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It is an early gauge of price pressure before goods reach consumers.

Portugal's headline monthly measure of changes in consumer prices.

PPI measures the change in prices that producers receive for their output, so it captures inflation earlier in the supply chain than CPI. Rising producer costs often feed through to consumer prices later, which is why traders treat PPI as a leading inflation signal. It moves markets less than CPI, but a large surprise still shifts interest-rate expectations.

A measure of Spain's annual underlying consumer inflation that excludes unprocessed food and energy products.

Spain’s EU-comparable measure of consumer-price inflation.

CPIF is Sweden’s principal inflation measure for monetary-policy purposes. It tracks consumer prices while holding the direct effect of changing mortgage interest rates constant.

12-month change in UK consumer prices excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco, published by the ONS.

Angola Inflation Rate MoM is the monthly change in Angola’s national consumer price index, a short-term measure of household price inflation.

Angola’s CPI annual inflation rate measures the year-over-year change in consumer prices using the National Consumer Price Index.

Bahrain's Consumer Price Index measures changes in the prices paid by households for a basket of consumer goods and services. Its year-on-year change is commonly described as the inflation rate.

Bangladesh’s CPI inflation rate tracks changes in household consumer prices and is a key gauge of domestic price pressure.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices paid by households in Bavaria.

A monthly measure of annual consumer-price inflation in Bavaria, published as an early regional German inflation indicator.

Belarus CPI inflation year-over-year tracks the annual change in consumer prices paid by households and is a key gauge of domestic price pressure.

A monthly measure of changes in prices paid by Belgian households, with the MoM reading showing the change from the previous month.

Botswana’s month-over-month inflation rate tracks the monthly change in consumer prices using the national Consumer Price Index.

Botswana’s CPI annual inflation rate measures the year-over-year change in consumer prices for goods and services purchased by households.

Brazil IGP-10 Inflation MoM tracks the monthly change in FGV IBRE's broad General Price Index - 10, combining producer, consumer and construction-cost prices.

Brazil IPCA-15 is an early monthly reading of consumer price inflation in Brazil. It tracks how prices paid by households change during a mid-month collection window rather than the full calendar month.

Bulgaria’s CPI inflation rate month-over-month measures the monthly change in household consumer prices and is the country’s national CPI-based measure of short-term inflation momentum.

Bulgaria’s year-over-year CPI inflation rate measures the annual change in consumer prices paid by households and is a key gauge of price pressure in the Bulgarian economy.

The year-on-year change in Cabo Verde's Consumer Price Index, measuring how consumer prices compare with the same month a year earlier.

A U.S. measure of underlying consumer inflation that excludes food and energy prices.

An early monthly estimate of changes in consumer prices in Croatia.

Croatia’s Consumer Price Index measures changes in the prices private households pay for goods and services. The year-on-year rate compares the latest month with the same month a year earlier.

Ecuador’s CPI annual inflation rate measures the year-over-year change in consumer prices paid by urban households, using the Consumer Price Index published by INEC.

Egypt's CPI annual inflation rate tracks the year-over-year change in headline consumer prices and is a key measure of household price pressure.

Ethiopia’s CPI inflation rate year-over-year measures the annual percentage change in consumer prices using the national Consumer Price Index.

A monthly euro-area inflation measure that removes tobacco prices from the consumer-price basket.

France's monthly measure of changes in consumer prices.

Georgia Inflation Rate MoM tracks the monthly change in the consumer price index, showing short-term price momentum in the Georgian economy.

Georgia’s annual inflation rate measures the year-on-year change in consumer prices using the national consumer price index.

A monthly measure of how consumer prices in Germany changed from the previous month.

An early estimate of annual consumer-price inflation in Germany using the EU-harmonised HICP measure.

Germany Wholesale Prices MoM measures the monthly change in wholesale selling prices, giving traders an upstream view of inflation pressure before it reaches consumers.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices in Greece, commonly followed through its year-on-year inflation rate.

HICP annual inflation measures year-on-year consumer price changes using Europe’s comparable inflation index.

A monthly measure of annual consumer-price inflation in the German state of Hesse.

Japan's commonly cited core inflation measure: the annual change in consumer prices excluding fresh food.

A monthly measure of how consumer prices in Kazakhstan changed compared with the previous month.

Macau's Consumer Price Index measures changes in the prices households pay for goods and services. The year-on-year rate compares the Composite CPI with the same month one year earlier.

An annual measure of changes in household consumer prices in Malawi.

The Mauritius Consumer Price Index tracks changes in the prices households pay for goods and services; its month-on-month change measures recent inflation momentum.

A monthly measure of the change in Mauritius consumer prices from the same month a year earlier.

An early fortnightly measure of annual consumer-price inflation in Mexico.

An early measure of changes in Mexican consumer prices over the first half of a month.

Moldova's year-over-year inflation rate tracks the annual change in household consumer prices using the Consumer Price Index.

Mongolia's year-over-year inflation rate tracks the annual change in national consumer prices using the Consumer Price Index.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices in Germany's North Rhine-Westphalia state.

Pakistan's monthly CPI release measures changes in household consumer prices, including the month-on-month inflation rate.

Pakistan’s year-on-year CPI inflation rate compares the overall cost of a household consumption basket with its level in the same month one year earlier.

A year-on-year measure of changes in consumer prices in Paraguay.

An early monthly estimate of changes in Portuguese consumer prices.

A business-survey measure of whether firms expect to raise or lower their selling prices in the months ahead.

An annual comparison of Spanish retail trade sales, published through INE's Retail Trade Indices.

The U.S. Consumer Price Index tracks changes in prices paid by urban consumers and is a major gauge of U.S. inflation pressure.

Ukraine’s year-over-year inflation rate shows the annual change in consumer prices measured by the Consumer Price Index.

A year-on-year measure of changes in Uruguay's consumer prices, based on the Consumer Price Index.

The Consumer Price Index is a monthly measure of changes in the prices consumers pay for a broad basket of goods and services.

A US inflation measure that excludes food and energy prices from the Consumer Price Index.

Zambia’s Consumer Price Index tracks changes in the prices households pay for goods and services; the monthly inflation reading compares the index with the previous month.

An annual measure of changes in the prices Zambian households pay for goods and services.

A monthly measure of Albania’s consumer-price inflation compared with the same month a year earlier, based on the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices.

An annual underlying-inflation measure derived from Australia’s Consumer Price Index by excluding the most extreme component price movements.

A monthly measure of changes in consumer prices in Baden-Württemberg, often watched as an early regional signal for German inflation.

An overview of Bosnia and Herzegovina's headline consumer inflation measure and its year-on-year reading.

The Consumer Price Index measures changes in the prices households pay for a basket of everyday goods and services.

A monthly measure of how consumer prices in Brandenburg have changed compared with the same month a year earlier.

A monthly measure of how prices paid by households in Cabo Verde have changed since the previous month.

Costa Rica's main monthly measure of changes in household consumer prices.

A monthly measure of euro-area underlying consumer-price inflation, excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco.

A monthly measure of euro-area consumer-price changes excluding energy and food components.

Finland's headline measure of the annual change in prices paid by households for a representative basket of consumer goods and services.

Georgia's HICP annual inflation rate measures the year-over-year change in a harmonised consumer-price index designed for international comparability.

A monthly measure of changes in prices paid by households in Italy.

Japan’s headline consumer-inflation measure, showing how prices for a representative household basket have changed from a year earlier.

A first-half-month measure of annual underlying consumer-price inflation in Mexico.

The Seychelles Consumer Price Index tracks changes in the prices households pay for a basket of goods and services. Its year-on-year rate is a widely used measure of annual consumer inflation.

An early estimate of the monthly change in prices paid by households in Spain.

A monthly measure of how Tunisia's consumer-price index changed from the previous month.