A–Z of economic indicators

Pakistan's monthly CPI release measures changes in household consumer prices, including the month-on-month inflation rate.

Pakistan’s year-on-year CPI inflation rate compares the overall cost of a household consumption basket with its level in the same month one year earlier.

A monthly measure of changes in prices for selected goods in Pakistan’s primary wholesale markets.

A year-on-year measure of changes in consumer prices in Paraguay.

A monthly U.S. inflation measure based on the prices paid for personal consumption expenditures.

A monthly measure of signed U.S. contracts to buy existing homes, which can offer an early view of future completed home sales.

Peru Independence Day is a national holiday marking the proclamation of Peru’s independence. Economic calendars list it because banks, public offices and some local-market activity may be closed or operate on holiday schedules.

A monthly survey of manufacturing conditions in the Philadelphia Federal Reserve District, widely known as the Philly Fed Index.

Philippines Balance of Trade shows the difference between the value of goods the country exports and the value of goods it imports. A positive number is a trade surplus, while a negative number is a trade deficit.

A monthly BSP indicator tracking money sent home by overseas Filipinos through banks and other formal banking channels.

Philippines Exports YoY measures how the value of goods exported by the Philippines changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It is usually shown as a percentage increase or decrease.

Monthly PSA data showing the annual change in the value of Philippine goods bought from abroad.

Philippines Imports YoY shows how the value of goods imported into the Philippines changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It helps show whether demand for foreign goods, fuel, electronics, capital equipment, and other imports is rising or falling.

Philippines PPI YoY measures how prices charged by domestic manufacturers changed compared with the same month a year earlier. It is an early gauge of price pressure before goods reach consumers.

Philadelphia Fed survey balance of manufacturers' planned capital spending over the next six months.

A regional manufacturing-survey measure of whether firms in the Philadelphia Fed district are adding or reducing employees.

Annual growth in Poland's M3 money supply, published by the National Bank of Poland (NBP).

Portugal's headline monthly measure of changes in consumer prices.

Annual change in Portugal's national consumer price index (IPC), published by Statistics Portugal as a flash estimate and then a final figure.

An early monthly estimate of changes in Portuguese consumer prices.

A monthly measure of the gap between Portugal's exports and imports of goods.

Position sizing is the process of determining how much of a currency pair a trader holds in a trade.

Whether the market is willing to keep trading at a new price — it accepts the level and holds there, or it rejects it and returns.

A specific price on the chart used as a reference point for decisions.

Shows how much lending by banks to private businesses and households has changed compared with one year earlier.

A monthly Australian indicator showing how many private-sector houses received building approval.

A monthly survey indicator that tracks whether Swiss manufacturing business conditions are expanding or contracting.

PPI measures the change in prices that producers receive for their output, so it captures inflation earlier in the supply chain than CPI. Rising producer costs often feed through to consumer prices later, which is why traders treat PPI as a leading inflation signal. It moves markets less than CPI, but a large surprise still shifts interest-rate expectations.

Total gross profit divided by total gross loss.

A pullback is a temporary move against the prevailing trend before it resumes. It gives trend traders a lower-risk entry than chasing an extended move, because the stop can sit behind nearby structure. The judgement is always the same: is this a pause within a healthy trend, or the start of a genuine reversal?