A–Z of economic indicators

A scheduled sale of Austrian government bonds conducted by the Austrian Treasury.

The upper or lower boundary of a trading range — where price has repeatedly turned back.

Range-bound describes a market in which price moves between a recognisable upper boundary and lower boundary without establishing a sustained directional trend. Buyers tend to appear near the lower part of the range, while sellers tend to appear near the upper part.

A market rotating between a fairly consistent high and low with no sustained direction.

A public address or discussion by RBA Deputy Governor Andrew Hauser that may provide context on Australia’s economy, financial conditions and monetary policy.

A public appearance by Reserve Bank of Australia Assistant Governor Brad Jones that may provide information about the Bank's views on financial-system and economic conditions.

A scheduled speech or public appearance by Andrea Brischetto of the Reserve Bank of Australia.

A scheduled public appearance by the Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia that may provide context on the economy and monetary policy.

This event is a public speech by Michele Bullock, Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia. Traders follow it for clues about the RBA's view on inflation, growth, employment and interest rates.

Australia’s central-bank policy announcement setting or maintaining the cash rate target, a key driver of Australian interest-rate expectations and AUD market pricing.

A scheduled Reserve Bank of Australia public appearance by Christopher Kent, watched for signals about financial conditions, market operations and monetary policy context.

A detailed record of the Reserve Bank of Australia's monetary-policy discussion and the reasoning behind its decision.

The RBA press conference is the Governor’s post-meeting briefing explaining the Reserve Bank of Australia’s policy decision and economic assessment.

Public remarks from the Reserve Bank of Australia’s Assistant Governor (Economic), Sarah Hunter, which may provide context on Australia’s economy and monetary-policy outlook.

The Reserve Bank of India’s Monetary Policy Committee decision on the policy repo rate and monetary-policy stance.

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand's decision on the Official Cash Rate, its principal monetary-policy setting.

A briefing in which the Reserve Bank of New Zealand explains its monetary policy decision and economic assessment.

A monthly U.S. consumer-sentiment survey covering the economic outlook, personal finances and views of federal economic policy.

Price reaching a level and being pushed straight back, usually leaving a long wick behind.

A candle with a long wick and a small body, showing price was pushed into an area and then forced straight back out.

Resistance is a price area where selling pressure has previously been strong enough to stop a rise. When price returns there, sellers often reappear, so the advance stalls or reverses. Like support, resistance is a zone rather than a precise line, and repeated tests attract attention from traders on both sides until the level either holds firmly or gives way.

Retail sales measure consumer spending on goods sold by retailers over a stated period.

When price returns to a level it has just broken, to see whether that level now holds from the other side.

A change of direction where the existing trend structure breaks and the opposite side takes control.

The Richmond Fed Manufacturing Index is a monthly gauge of factory activity in the Fifth Federal Reserve District. It summarizes whether surveyed manufacturers report improving or worsening conditions compared with the prior month.

The Richmond Fed Manufacturing Shipments Index tracks whether manufacturers in the Fifth District are shipping more or less than in the previous month. It is one component of the Richmond Fed manufacturing survey.

The Richmond Fed Services Revenues Index tracks whether service-sector firms in the Fifth District report higher or lower revenues than in the previous month. It is a monthly survey-based measure of regional non-manufacturing activity.

A monthly survey-based gauge of manufacturing conditions in the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond's Fifth District.

A monthly diffusion index showing whether Fifth District manufacturers reported rising or falling shipment volumes compared with the prior month.

A monthly Richmond Fed survey measure of current service-sector activity in the Fifth Federal Reserve District.

A post-decision briefing in which Sweden's central bank explains its monetary policy message.

The Riksbank’s policy-rate decision is a key Swedish monetary-policy event for SEK and local interest-rate markets.

Risk sentiment describes the market's overall appetite for risk. In risk-on conditions investors buy growth-sensitive assets such as equities, the Australian dollar and emerging-market currencies. In risk-off conditions they retreat to perceived safety: the US dollar, the Japanese yen, the Swiss franc, gold and government bonds. Sentiment often drives currencies more than the day's scheduled data does.

A period to avoid — usually around a high-impact release or a thin-liquidity handover — where normal behaviour breaks down.

A plan where the loss on every trade, and for the day as a whole, is decided before the market opens.

The comparison of what you stand to lose against what you stand to gain on a trade, calculated before entry.

Romania’s Balance of Trade in Goods measures goods exports minus goods imports and indicates whether goods trade is in surplus or deficit.

A quarterly measure of how Romania’s real economic output changed from the preceding quarter.

A quarterly measure of how Romania’s real economic output compares with the same quarter a year earlier.

The National Bank of Romania’s monetary-policy decision sets the main policy rate for the Romanian leu economy and can influence money-market rates, bond yields and exchange-rate expectations.

A monthly measure of changes in prices received by Romanian industrial producers, with the YoY rate comparing prices with the same month a year earlier.

Annual growth in Russia's M2 money supply, published by the Bank of Russia.

Rwanda Inflation Rate MoM tracks the monthly change in the national Consumer Price Index and gives markets an early read on short-term price pressure in the Rwandan economy.

Rwanda’s CPI annual inflation rate shows how much the overall consumer price basket has changed from the same month a year earlier.

The National Bank of Rwanda's Monetary Policy Committee decision on the Central Bank Rate.