A–Z of economic indicators

Dovish describes a central bank stance that leans towards looser policy: lower interest rates, continued stimulus, and greater concern for growth and employment than for inflation. Dovish language typically weakens the currency, since lower expected returns make it less attractive to hold, and it often supports equities and gold at the same time.

Hawkish describes a central bank stance that leans towards tighter policy: higher interest rates, reduced stimulus, and a strong focus on controlling inflation even at some cost to growth. Hawkish language in a statement, minutes or speech usually strengthens the currency, because higher expected rates make holding that currency more attractive to investors.

Albania’s CPI inflation rate tracks changes in consumer prices using INSTAT’s Consumer Price Index. The release is watched for signals about purchasing power, monetary policy pressure and lek-denominated market expectations.

A briefing in which Bank of Canada officials explain a policy decision and take questions after the rate announcement.

A speech by the Governor of the Bank of England that may provide insight into the UK's economic outlook and monetary-policy thinking.

A Bank of Japan Deputy Governor Ryozo Himino speech that may provide context on Japan's economy, inflation, and monetary-policy thinking.

Bank of Japan JGB purchases are central-bank operations in which the BoJ buys Japanese government bonds to implement policy and influence liquidity conditions in the bond market.

A central bank manages monetary policy and supports the stability of a country or currency area’s financial system.

A scheduled public address by Piero Cipollone, a member of the European Central Bank's Executive Board.

A public speech or appearance by Philip R. Lane of the European Central Bank, watched for signals about euro-area monetary policy and economic conditions.

A scheduled public appearance by ECB Vice-President Boris Vujčić that may offer clues about how a senior policymaker views the euro area economy and monetary policy.

A calendar entry for public remarks by Isabel Schnabel, a member of the European Central Bank's Executive Board.

Public remarks by Richmond Fed President Tom Barkin can give traders insight into one Federal Reserve policymaker's views on growth, inflation and interest rates.

A public address by Federal Reserve Governor Christopher J. Waller that may provide insight into his assessment of the economy, inflation, and monetary policy.

The detailed account of a Federal Open Market Committee meeting, published by the Federal Reserve after the policy decision.

The Federal Reserve's post-meeting announcement of its monetary-policy decision and reasoning.

A scheduled Reserve Bank of Australia public appearance by Christopher Kent, watched for signals about financial conditions, market operations and monetary policy context.

A detailed record of the Reserve Bank of Australia's monetary-policy discussion and the reasoning behind its decision.

The RBA press conference is the Governor’s post-meeting briefing explaining the Reserve Bank of Australia’s policy decision and economic assessment.

A briefing in which the Reserve Bank of New Zealand explains its monetary policy decision and economic assessment.

The Riksbank’s policy-rate decision is a key Swedish monetary-policy event for SEK and local interest-rate markets.

CPIF is Sweden’s principal inflation measure for monetary-policy purposes. It tracks consumer prices while holding the direct effect of changing mortgage interest rates constant.

The Bank of Albania’s scheduled decision on its key monetary policy rate and accompanying policy communication.

The scheduled decision in which Armenia's central bank sets its policy interest rates and explains the monetary-policy outlook.

The RBA meeting minutes are a written record of the central bank’s latest monetary policy discussion. They help explain why policymakers made their interest-rate decision and what risks they considered.

The detailed minutes from Brazil’s Monetary Policy Committee, explaining the reasoning behind the Selic rate decision and the committee’s assessment of inflation and economic risks.

A weekly Banco Central do Brasil publication summarizing market expectations for Brazil’s inflation, activity, exchange rate and policy-rate outlook.

The Bank of Canada’s scheduled announcement of its target for the overnight rate and the reasoning behind its monetary policy decision.

A Bank of England communication event featuring Monetary Policy Committee member Catherine L. Mann.

A public speech by Bank of Japan Policy Board member Hajime Takata that may provide context on Japan's economy, inflation, and monetary-policy thinking.

An explanation of the Bank of Japan's policy decision and why its communication matters to currency and rates markets.

The Bank of Japan's post-meeting announcement of its monetary-policy decisions and policy assessment.

The Bank of Botswana's Monetary Policy Committee decision on the Monetary Policy Rate (MoPR).

This is the Central Bank of Chile’s decision on its main interest rate. The rate influences borrowing costs across the Chilean economy and is used to help keep inflation near the bank’s target.

The Czech National Bank Interest Rate Decision is the CNB Bank Board’s monetary-policy announcement for the Czech koruna economy, focused on key policy rates such as the two-week repo rate.

A guide to the European Central Bank's policy-rate decision and why it is closely watched in euro markets.

The ECB rate charged when eligible euro-area banks borrow overnight from the Eurosystem against collateral.

The European Central Bank's explanation of its monetary-policy decision for the euro area.

A scheduled public appearance by the President of the European Central Bank that may provide clues about the ECB's assessment of the economy and monetary policy.

A guide to market-moving public remarks by Federal Reserve Vice Chair Philip N. Jefferson.

The Federal Open Market Committee's decision on the federal funds rate target and related US monetary-policy settings.

A quarterly summary of Federal Reserve participants' outlooks for US growth, unemployment, inflation and the appropriate policy-rate path.

The MNB rate paid on eligible counterparties’ overnight deposits at Hungary’s central bank.

The Central Bank of Iceland's Monetary Policy Committee announcement on policy interest rates and the policy assessment behind them.

A yearly global policy gathering that can generate market-relevant speeches, forecasts and financial-stability headlines.

The RBI rate used to absorb overnight bank liquidity against eligible government securities.

The Bank Indonesia rate paid on eligible banks' rupiah placements in the Deposit Facility.

The Bank of Jamaica’s scheduled decision on its policy interest rate and monetary-policy stance.

This is the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic's decision on its main policy interest rate. The rate influences short-term borrowing costs and the stance of monetary policy in Kyrgyzstan.

The Norges Bank Interest Rate Decision announces whether Norway’s central bank has changed or held its policy rate.

Australia’s central-bank policy announcement setting or maintaining the cash rate target, a key driver of Australian interest-rate expectations and AUD market pricing.

The Reserve Bank of India’s Monetary Policy Committee decision on the policy repo rate and monetary-policy stance.

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand's decision on the Official Cash Rate, its principal monetary-policy setting.

A post-decision briefing in which Sweden's central bank explains its monetary policy message.

The National Bank of Romania’s monetary-policy decision sets the main policy rate for the Romanian leu economy and can influence money-market rates, bond yields and exchange-rate expectations.

The National Bank of Rwanda's Monetary Policy Committee decision on the Central Bank Rate.

A scheduled public speech by Bank of England MPC member Sir Dave Ramsden.

A scheduled speech or public appearance by the Vice-President of the Deutsche Bundesbank, Germany's central bank. Traders monitor these appearances for comments that may provide insight into inflation, interest rates, economic conditions, monetary policy or financial stability.

This event reports the National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia's decision on its key monetary policy rate. The decision affects borrowing conditions in Macedonian denar markets and signals the central bank's view on inflation and financial stability.