Chart Reference Guides

Sellers pushed price down hard, buyers took it all back before the close.

Confirmation
Appears after a decline; wait for the next candle to close above the hammer's high.

A failed push higher after a decline — but sellers could not regain control.

Confirmation
Needs a strong bullish close on the following candle.

Selling appeared inside an uptrend, even though price recovered by the close.

Confirmation
Only meaningful after a rally; confirm with a lower close next candle.

Buyers ran price up and were rejected, closing near the open.

Confirmation
Look for a bearish follow-through candle and a failed retest of the high.

A large up candle completely covers the previous down candle's body.

Confirmation
Strongest at support, with the close above the prior candle's open.

A large down candle swallows the previous up candle's body.

Confirmation
Most reliable at resistance after an extended move higher.

Open and close are almost identical — the market is undecided.

Confirmation
Trade the break of the doji's range, not the doji itself.

A small body with wicks both sides: momentum is fading.

Confirmation
Treat as a pause. Wait for the next decisive close.

A long down candle, a small indecisive candle, then a strong recovery.

Confirmation
Third candle should close well into the first candle's body.

A rally stalls on a small candle, then reverses sharply.

Confirmation
Third candle should close deep inside the first candle's body.

Price gaps lower then closes above the midpoint of the previous candle.

Confirmation
The close must clear halfway up the prior red body.

An upward gap is sold into and closes below the previous midpoint.

Confirmation
The close must drop below halfway down the prior green body.

Three strong up candles in a row, each closing near its high.

Confirmation
Look for rising closes and small upper wicks.

Three consecutive down candles, each closing near its low.

Confirmation
Falling closes with small lower wicks signal sustained selling.

A full-bodied candle with no wicks — buyers controlled the whole session.

Confirmation
Strong continuation signal when it breaks a level you already track.

Two candles reject the same low, showing buyers defending a level.

Confirmation
Needs a close above the second candle's high.

Three peaks with a higher middle peak — the trend runs out of buyers.

Confirmation
Break and close below the neckline drawn under the two troughs.

Three troughs with a deeper middle trough — sellers exhaust themselves.

Confirmation
Break and close above the neckline drawn over the two peaks.

Price fails twice at the same level, forming an M shape.

Confirmation
Close below the middle trough; retests of it often hold as resistance.

Price holds the same low twice, forming a W shape.

Confirmation
Close above the middle peak with rising volume.

Three rejections from one level show persistent supply.

Confirmation
Break of the shared support with a decisive close.

Flat resistance with higher lows — buyers keep paying up.

Confirmation
Close above the flat upper line, ideally on expanding range.

Flat support with lower highs — sellers keep pressing.

Confirmation
Close below the flat lower line.

Lower highs and higher lows squeeze price into a point.

Confirmation
Trade the direction of the breakout close, not the squeeze.

A sharp advance then a shallow drift lower — a pause, not a reversal.

Confirmation
Break of the upper flag line resumes the original move.

A sharp decline then a slow drift higher before the next leg down.

Confirmation
Break of the lower flag line resumes the decline.

Price grinds higher into a narrowing range — momentum is fading.

Confirmation
Break of the lower boundary usually resolves downward.

Price drifts lower in a narrowing range as selling pressure dries up.

Confirmation
Break of the upper boundary usually resolves upward.

Price rotates between clear support and resistance.

Confirmation
Fade the edges while it holds; trade the break once it closes outside.

A rounded base followed by a shallow pullback before a breakout.

Confirmation
Close above the cup's rim after the handle completes.

A slow, saucer-shaped base as control passes from sellers to buyers.

Confirmation
Sustained closes above the left-hand high.

Price clears a level, returns to it, then continues.

Confirmation
The retest must hold — a close back inside invalidates it.